{"id":11197,"date":"2022-06-13T20:19:03","date_gmt":"2022-06-13T16:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/?p=11197"},"modified":"2022-06-13T20:19:03","modified_gmt":"2022-06-13T16:19:03","slug":"%e1%83%a0%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a1%e1%83%94%e1%83%97%e1%83%98-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%9d%e1%83%93%e1%83%98%e1%83%9d%e1%83%93%e1%83%90-%e1%83%97%e1%83%a3-%e1%83%94%e1%83%a0%e1%83%94%e1%83%99%e1%83%9a%e1%83%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/?p=11197","title":{"rendered":"\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0?
\n(\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 300 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1)<\/p>\n

\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dd. \u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1\u10dd. \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0! \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 1955 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d0: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 XV-XVIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 – \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 – \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc: \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10e1, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u201c\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ed\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u201d \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ea\u10e3\u10d3\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.
\n\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 (\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 I-\u10e1 (1476-1511) \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (1518-1574) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 II (1574-1605), \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ef\u10d3\u10d0. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 I (1606-1648) \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0.
\n\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10e0 I-\u10db\u10d0 (1696-1725) \u10e1\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0. 1796 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. 1700 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd. \u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10e0 I \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u201c\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u201d \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. 1722 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10e0 I-\u10db\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ef\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0. 1723 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10e0 I-\u10db\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. 1723 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd, \u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10db\u10dd. 1724 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0.
\n\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3, 1723-1724 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 3-4 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.
\n\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e6\u10dd \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 (\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8 1736-1747 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8). \u10de\u10d8\u10dd\u10e2\u10e0 I-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10da-\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10d7. 1735 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 I \u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d0 (\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4\u10db, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10db (\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II), \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0-\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d0. 1744 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0. \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0. \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0: \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0.
\n1735 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 35 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd) \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10ea \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 (1747 \u10ec.) \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10ed\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II-\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0: \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7? \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7.
\n\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 (1760-1779) \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d7 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1: \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1? \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e1, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10db. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 (1760-1762 \u10ec\u10ec.). \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8: \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1. \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II-\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2. \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, 1762 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0). \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd \u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e7\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 1768 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1774 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4-\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0. \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0: \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0; \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4: \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0; \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4: \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 1768 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.
\n1768 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10ea. \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 1768 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0: \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10db\u10d0? 1769 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8. \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d0\u10dd\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d8\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7. 1769 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da \u10d2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d8\u10d1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e2 \u10f0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 480 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 2 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d6\u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0.
\n1769 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 29 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc I, \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10ee\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 5.000 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, 1.500 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. 1769 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 22 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 3.767 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 1770 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 1.200 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 600-700 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0. \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, 700 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. 1770 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 18 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. 20 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10eb\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10d9\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0.
\n\u10d2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d8\u10d1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1: \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0?.. \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0: 1. \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc; 2. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8: 1757-1763 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0. 3. \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d3\u10d0; 4. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0. \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.
\n\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10da \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d0\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d0\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d0\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0: \u201c\u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 (\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II – \u10d5. \u10d2.) \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc – \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1.\u201d \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d5\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7, \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d0\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d0\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10e1, \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0? \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.
\n\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10d2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d8\u10d1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc? \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0.
\n\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db 1771 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1772 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. 1771 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 30 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1, _ \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. 1772 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 6 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 – \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II, \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc I, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8, \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8. 1772 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u201c\u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u201d \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 11 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, 1772 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e7\u10e3\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc (\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc (\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1) \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc 1772 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 – \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, 11 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3, \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0.
\n\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II 1769 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e5\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea 1772 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8? \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1772 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1782 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d6\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0. \u10d0\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8: 1. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d7; 2. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8; 3. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0.
\n\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0: \u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db 1783 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0? \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1: \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8: 1782-1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10dd. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 (\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4) \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0; \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4: \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10db, \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd, \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc (\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc) \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10db \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d (\u201c\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d) \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 – \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd-\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea, \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 11 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea 1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 24 \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10ea.
\n1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8) \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd. \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd (\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd (\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd) \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc (\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8; \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0; \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 (2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0; \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0-\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8; \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e6\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0: \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0: \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10da\u10d8: \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: \u201c\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8, \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u201d. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1: \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0; \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8 (\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0-\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8), \u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0; \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.
\n\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 1768-1774 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1787-1791 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 1782 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d6\u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc (\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 1772 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 – 1793 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1). \u10dd\u10e0 \u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d5\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10ea. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8: \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 – \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. 1768-1774 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u201c\u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u201d, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.
\n\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0? \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7-\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0.
\n\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d7. \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3 1782-1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 (\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8) 1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 1782-1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea. \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc (\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc) \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 11 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 1782 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0: \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10db\u10d0\u201d. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7, \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10db\u10d0\u201d \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1\u201d \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0: \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1; \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd. \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0. \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e9\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e9\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0: \u10d7\u10e3 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u201d \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e9\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 1787 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea:
\n\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8: 1784 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 24 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 – \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u201d \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd). \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ea\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e9\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 2.500 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10db. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0. \u10de\u10dd\u10d3\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d0 17 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd 18 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0. 1784 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 23 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0-\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc II) \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.
\n\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4: \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 1784 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 6 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 24 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 2 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 24-\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0: 1785 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5 \u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 1787 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10e0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 (1795 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8) \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 1797 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 31 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0.
\n\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 – \u201c\u10e1\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4\u201d – \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0: \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10e0\u10e9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc? \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd, \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d7\u10e3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7\u10dd. \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.
\n\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1: \u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0? \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 1801-1802 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10dc \u10ea\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4, \u10d0\u10dc \u10ea\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3, \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3, \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0: 1. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0; \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0); 2. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 – \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0); 3. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 (1783-1798 \u10ec\u10ec.) \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0; \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 (1798-1800 \u10ec\u10ec.) \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10ea, \u10dd\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d8 1801-1802 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1.
\n\u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1: \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1? \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1: \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u201c\u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7. \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea. \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u201c\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d0\u201d \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 12 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd. 1782-1783 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10db\u10d4. \u10dd\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0: \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0\u10dd. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e1\u10ee\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10d2\u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 (\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3) \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd-\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0: \u201c\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u201d. \u201c\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u201d \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10de\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da I-\u10e1 (1796-1801) \u10e1\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0.
\n\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: 1796 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10de\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da I-\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0. \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0: \u201c\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7.\u201d
\n\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7, \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7: \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7-\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 35-\u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0: \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc – \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10ed\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 1770 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d6\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1769 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1, \u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8.
\n\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u201c\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u201d \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. 1804 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc II \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd. \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 1804 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1809-1810 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1806 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0. \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0! \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10ed\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db 1803-1804 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1804-1813 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10dd. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0: \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db (\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0) \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0. 1815 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0: \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d5\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 120.000-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8? \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0 I-\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0: \u201c\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7!\u201d \u10d0\u10db\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0: \u201c\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d6\u10d4.\u201d
\n\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u201c\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u201d \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10df\u10d4\u10e9-\u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e3\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 – \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 – \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1.
\n\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0: \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0? (\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 300 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1) \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10dd. \u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1\u10dd. \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0! \u10d4\u10e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8308,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[224],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gancxadebebi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11197"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11198,"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11197\/revisions\/11198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/science.org.ge\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}