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	MOAMBE 2004 Volume 170 number 1 Mathematics G. Khimshiashvili Elementary algebraic geometry in geometric algebras Presented by Member of the Academy N.Berikashvili, December 17, 2003 ABSTRACT. We consider polynomial equations over Clifford algebras and present some results about the structure of their roots. Some effectively verifiable conditions are indicated which guarantee that the set of roots is finite. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: Clifford algebra, canonical polynomial, conjugation class, representation, matrix algebra, spinor group. Mathematics YA. DIASAMIDZE, SH. MAKHARADZE CONSTRUCTION OF BINARY RELATIONS WHICH ARE RIGHT DIVIDED BY THEMSELVES Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Baladze, November 25, 2003 ABSTRACT. This paper contains a description of constructions of those elements of complete semigroups of binary relations B_x(D) which are right divided by themselves. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key-words: binary relation, complete semigroups. Mathematics Sh. Bakhtadze On Generalized Special Homologies of Locally Compact Paracompact Spaces Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Baladze, February 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. A fundamental complex for the Chogoshvili homology and special homologies for pairs of locally compact paracompact spaces are constructed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: homology, compact and paracompact spaces. Mathematics Z. Tevdoradze Harmonic forms on the Poisson manifolds Presented by Member of the Academy N. Berikashvili, December 2, 2003 ABSTRACT. In this paper we obtained some results of research of harmonic forms on Poisson manifolds. Namely we receive the condition when the product of the de Rham cohomology classes which includes harmonic representatives can be represented by harmonic form. We also give some examples, which show that not all de Rham cohomology classes (in general case) could be represented by harmonic forms. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: Poisson manifold, harmonic form, cohomology classes, canonical homology.



	Mathematics D. Goguadze, P. Karchava Kolmogoroff's Extended Integral of the Abstract Set Many-Valued Complex-Value Function Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, December 9, 2003 ABSTRACT. In the present paper a notion of the normal class of the sets is introduced. In the terminology of the generalized multiplicative class a necessary and sufficient condition for the class of sets to be the normal class is established. Further Kolmogoroff's extended integral of the abstract set many-valued complex-value function is defined with respect to the normal class and, at the end, Fubini's generalized theorem is given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: normal class, directed set, many-valued complex-value set function, Kolmogoroff's extended integral. Mathematics T. AKHOBADZE ON GENERALIZED ÈESáRO SUMMABILITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER SERIES Prezented by Member of the Academy L.Zhizhiashvili, November 26, 2003 ABSTRACT. The behavior of generalized Èesáro (C, a_n) means (a_nÎ(0,1], n=1,2,…) of trigonometric Fourier series of the class H^win the space of continuous functions is studied. The obtained result is the best possible. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: Èesáro (C, a_n) means, modulus of continuity. Mathematics D. LELADZE ON APPROXIMATE PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN SUBSEQUECES OF PARTIAL SUMS OF CONJUGATE SERIES OF MULTIPLE TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER SERIES Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, December 16, 2003 ABSTRACT. In the present paper we give the estimate in the terms of partial and mixed moduli of continuity of deviation of multiple arithmetic means of the sequence of rectangular dyadedic partial sums of conjugate series of n-multiple trigonometric Fourier series of a function or , from n-multiple truncated conjugate function in the norm of . © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: trigonometric Fourier series, conjugate series. Mathematics T. KOPALIANI MAXIMAL OPERATOR IN GENERALIZED LEBESGUE SPACES WITH



	VARIABLE EXPONENT Presented by Member of the Academy L.Zhizhiashvili, October 21,2003 ABSTRACT. We give continuity conditions of the exponents p(x), q(x) which are sufficient for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator to be () strong-type estimate. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: variable exponent,Hardy-Littlewood maximal function,two-weighted estimate. Mathematics Z. Melikidze On the multiplicative complementation of some incomplete Haar type orthonormalized systems to bases in Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, December 16, 2003 Abstract. In this paper we proved that if any finite collection of functions is removing from the Haar type system, there exists a bounded function such that after multiplying the remaining set of functions by this function the system obtained will be a basis in all spaces . For the Haar type system certain infinite removing is also possible. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Mathematics A. Lashkhi, P. GURTSKAIA, V. SESADZE CLASSICAL CONFIGURATIONS IN D-SEMIMODULAR LATTICES Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A.Prangishvili, April 27, 2004 ABSTRACT. The idea to consider different unions of points, lines, planes, etc., is rather old. Many important configurations of such kinds are geometric (or matroidal) lattices. In this work we have studied configurations of Desargues, Pappus, Pasch in D-semimodular lattices. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: geometry, semimodular lattice, collinear points. Mathematics T. Tsabadze On Similarity And Coordination Index Of Finite Collections Of Fuzzy Sets Presented by member of the Academy, May 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. This paper introduces theoretical basement of one approach to group decision-making in fuzzy enviroment. Mathematical apparatus, based on the concepts of coordination index and similarity of finite collections of fuzzy sets, has been successively constructed in metric lattice of fuzzy sets. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: finite collection of fuzzy sets, regulation, coordination index, similarity. Mathematical Physics



	T. Jangveladze, Z. Kiguradze On One Nonlinear Integro-Differential Diffusion System Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy R.Bantzuri, November 25, 2003 ABSTRACT. The paper is devoted to the mathematical simulation of the process of electromagnetic field penetration in the substance. The asymptotic behavior as t®¥ of the solutions of the system of corresponding integro-differential equations are obtained. The rates of convergence are also given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: diffusion model, nonlinear integro-differential system, asymptotic behavior. Mathematical Physics D. Gordeziani, G. Avalishvili On Approximation Of A Dynamical Problem For Elastic Mixtures By Two-Dimensional Problems Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy R. Bantsuri, December 2, 2003 ABSTRACT. In the present paper the dynamical problem for elastic mixtures is reduced to two-dimensional one in the case of cusped prismatic shell. The obtained problem is investigated in suitable spaces and it is proved that the vector-functions restored from the solution of the two-dimensional problems approximate the solution of the original problem and the rate of approximation is estimated. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: elastic mixtures, dynamical problems for prismatic shells. Cybernetics Z. Piranashvili On the Generalizid Formula of Exponentially Convergent Sampling Presented by Member of the Academy V.Chavchanidze, March 16, 2004 ABSTRACT. In the present paper the generalized formula of exponentially convergent sampling is considered and the question of its justification for random processes and fields is discussed. From this formula as special cases some wellknown interesting formulas are obtained. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: entire function, random process, random field. Cybernetics V. Mdzinarishvili General Method of Schrödinger Equation Solution and Modelling of Flicker-Noise Presented by Member of the Academy V. Chavchanidze, December 1, 2003 Abstract. General solution of Schrödinger equation has been obtained, which does not depend on the form of potential field. The model of flicker noise is offered thanks to the solution of equations of stochastic mechanics. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: solution, dynamics, stochastic.



	Physics T.Pagava, O.Kharashvili, N.Maisuradze, G.Mtskeradze, E.Kutelia KINETICS OF MULTiVACANT RADIATION DEFECTS FORMATION IN n-TYPE SILICON CRYSTALS Presented by Member of the Academy T. Sanadze, October 4, 2003 ABSTRACT. Impact of infrared light on the nature of radiation defects (RD) in electron irradiated n-type silicon has been studied. The samples were irradiated with 2 MeV electrons and isochronously annealed (IA) in 80-700ºC temperature interval, step 20ºC. Within the temperature range from 77 to 300K, in every 10 minutes interval, concentration of electrons was measured using the Hall method. It has been shown that in n-Si crystals illuminated with hn=0.42eV photons and irradiated by electrons, PV₂ type RD form, which lead to increase of radiation stability in the studied samples, because while forming PV₂ defects twice as much vacancies are consumed. An opinion that formation of PV₂ follows the following reactions: (PV)^- + hn (PV)º; (PV)º+V^-(PV₂)^- is expressed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: n-type silicon, radiation defects, radiation stability. Physics A. GERASIMOV, Z. GOGUA, G. GOGUA PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF EXPANSION OF SEMICONDUCTORS UNDER THE LIGHTING ACTION Presented by Member of the Academy T.Sanadze, February 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. Calculations of athermic mechanism of expansion of semiconductors by lighting affect are presented. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: white light, equation of oscillation. Physics Z.Jibuti, N.Dolidze, M.Pkhakadze, M.Kuprava, N.Sikhuashvili, I. Shiryapov Pulse-Photon Annealing of Silicon Implanted by Ions Ar⁺ Presented by Member of the Academy J.Lominadze, December 30, 2003 ABSTRACT. The process of low-temperature pulse-photon annealing of defects created in n-Si by implantation Ar⁺ was investigated. It is shown, that for annealing of postimplantative radiation defects complex use of thermal and pulse-photon treatment is more effective. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: silicon, ion implantation, pulse - photon annealing. Physics Sh. Abramidze, N. Katamadze, G. Kiknadze, G. Nabakhtiani, M. Razmadze, Z. Rostomashvili, Z. Saralidze The Study Of Temperature Regimes Of Low-power Nuclear Facility With Natural Circulation Of Coolant



	Presented by Member of the Academy G. Kharadze, February 17, 2004 Abstract. Research nuclear IRT-M reactor of the Institute of Physics, Georgian Academy of Sciences was decommissioned by covering of the lower radioactive part of reactor tank with concrete. This gives the unique possibility to install in the remained part of the reactor tank a new low-power nuclear facility (of the order of 50kW) based on natural circulation of coolant, which can be used for solving a number of practical and scientific problems. The calculations of thermal-physical parameters of a new nuclear facility have been carried out by a specially developed computer code. The comparison of the obtained results with the similar parameters of TRIGA reactors has confirmed their validity. The calculations show that the main limiting factor of the power of nuclear facility, i.e. the dependence of the temperature of the wall of fuel element on the volume fraction of water in the core has the minimum value in the interval of 50-70%. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: reactor, thermocharacteristics. Physics A.Danelyan, D.Garibashvili, Yu.Machekhin, S.Mkrtichyan, Yu.Paroshin, S.Shotashvili Method of increasing of resolution of frequency comparisons of the frequency standards Presented by Member of the Academy N. Amaglobeli, March 2, 2004 Abstract. The block-diagram of the phase/frequency comparator is offered, in the measuring signal channel of which the adjustable calibrated phase shifter is included. In the servo control regime it compensates the phase difference changes of input signals and allows to use high-selective narrow band filters, and to increase the resolution of frequency comparisons and of frequency (phase) instability measurements of the frequency standards up to 10^-19 s or even better. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: phase difference, frequency, phase comparator, frequency standard, phase instability, frequency difference multiplication, "dual mixer" time difference system, phase-difference zero indicator. Physics L. Shoshiashvili, E. Nikolaeva, D. Nikolaev, R. Zaridze, G.. Ghvedashvili, K. Orjonikidze Temperature Rise in Human Head Exposed to EM Radiation Presented by Member of the Academy T. Sanadze, April 14, 2004 ABSTRACT. The aim of our investigation is to study the effect of cellular phone electromagnetic (EM) field on human head by computer simulation. Structural heterogeneous realistic model of human head was used. EM analysis has been performed via the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD). Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is evaluated and thermal effects are calculated using BioHeat (BH) equation, temperature field distribution and temperature rise for different frequencies, different powers and exposure times are investigated. It is shown that exposure time must be one of the characteristic quantities in safety standard. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: EM, FDTD, SAR, BioHeat, safety levels, duration of the exposure. Physics R. Metskhvarishvili, M. Elizbarashvili, M. Metskhvarishvili, I. Metskhvarishvili, Z. Miminoshvili, L. Nekrasova, N. Khazaradze, L. Khorbaladze Investigation of (2013±46)keV limited energy of positrons for ⁴⁸V b⁺-decay



	Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A. Khelashvili, December 19, 2003 Abstract. Positron spectrum of ⁴⁸V radioactive decay is investigated using double focusing magnetic beta-spectrometer with low background (~1 imp/h). It is established that ⁴⁸V b⁺ decay happens not only on the ⁴⁸Ti 2295.6keV energy level but on the 983.5keV excited level. For limited energy of these positrons the values of (698±7) keV and (2013±46) keV are adopted and for lg(ft) the value of 11.0±0.3 when b⁺decay happens on the 983.3 keV level. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: beta-spectrometer, conversion electron spectrum, radioactive decay. Geophysics K.Tukhashvili, V. Kandashvili, J. Mdinaradze, K. Otarashvili Modeling of the Diurnal Variation of the Maximum Appblicable Frequency for Radio-communication on Short Waves Considering Solar Activity Presented by Member of the Academy T. Sanadze, December 9, 2003 Abstract. Method of modeling of the diurnal variation of parameter maximum applicable frequency (MAF) has been developed. The method has been tested by the use of the data of Ionospheric Digital Database of the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), Boulder, Colorado, USA, namely, the data of Julruh - (j=54.5⁰N). The type of the parameter dependence on solar activity has been studied and a model of diurnal variation of the median values in January has been made. The model is polynomial dependent on F10.7 allowing prediction of MAF. The model is made up according to data of 1958-86 period. Prognosis was made for the next four years. Error is less than 15% for any hour and it is 10% less in the daytime. The method permits to make models for any point of the Earth (where the measurements are carried out during several cycles of solar activity) for each month. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: modeling, ionosphere, solar activity. Geophysics L. Javakhishvili Evaluation of Sensitivity of the DC Device Operating in Unstable Regime of r_a in the Range of Critical Point on the Example of the Conductive Sphere Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy T. Chelidze, November 11, 2003 ABSTRACT. Sensitivity of the dc device operating in unstable regime of r_a depends on the ratio of the current flowing through the feeding electrodes or s^c parameter, but critical value is determined by the geometry of the device. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: unstable, critical point, direct current, sensitivity, apparent resistivity, electrical prospecting. Geophysics T. Davitashvili, K. Mirianashvili, Z. Nonikashvili Investigation of Radioactive Fall-out on Georgian Territory in Case of Emergency at Armenian Nuclear Power Station Presented by Member of the Academy B. Balavadze, December 30, 2003 Abstract. The problem of possible radiational contamination of the Georgian territory in case of pos



	sible accident at the Armenian Nuclear Power Station (ANPS) is studied. Mathematical model for computation of transporting and diffusion of radioactive substances with account of orography is presented. Numerical calculations are given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: mathematical modeling, environmental pollution, radioactive substances. Organic Chemistry R. Kublashvili, M. Gudavadze, I. Abdushelishvili, S. Dgebuadze Activity of protein amino acids in Maillard reaction Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Ugrekhelidze, February 12, 2004 ABSTRACT. The relative reactivity of protein amino acids in Maillard reaction on the example of interaction with glucose has been studied. The amino acids with isoelectric point in strong acid medium (2.5-3.5) form products with maximum adsorption in relatively short-wave region. The amino acids with isoelectric point in weak acid medium (5.4-6.3) form products with maximum adsorption in more long-wave region, and the amino acids with isoelectric point in base medium form products with maximum adsorption in most long-wave region. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: protein amino acids, glucose, Maillard reaction. Electrochemistry R. Kvaratskhelia, E. Kvaratskhelia ON THE POSSIBILITY OF CALCULATION OF SOME PARAMETERS OF THE DISSOCIATION PROCESSES OF WEAK DIBASIC ORGANIC ACIDS Presented by Member of the Academy J.Japaridze, February 6, 2004 ABSTRACT. A new method for calculation of some parameters of dissociation of a weak dibasic organic acid H₂A: the shares of the various dissociation steps in a formation of the hydrogen ions concentration, pH, concentrations of anions HA^- and A^2- and undissociated acid is suggested. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: dissociation, constant, concentration, acid, hydrogen ions. Pharmaceutical Chemistry I. Itchkitidze DYNAMICS OF HALOPERIDOL ADSORPTION ON THE SURFACE OF ERYTHROCYTES Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy N. Aleksidze, March 10, 2004 ABSTRACT. Adsorption dynamics of haloperidol on the surface of erythrocytes has been studied. Highly effective method of liquid chromatography has been used. As the standard for quantitative estimation of concentration haloperidol HN-Norton Cobtd is used. Calculation of kinetic parameters of the curve concentration - time is fulfilled in the frames of one and two-camera model by method of the least squares on "PHORT" programme. The obtained data are compared with the character of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of haloperidol in plasma. The ability of haloperidol to adsorb on the surface of erythrocytes is proved. Its concentration in the washed from the surface of erythrocytes supernatant and in plasma is not the same. On the surface of erythrocytes, mainly, its oxide forms are adsorbed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: haloperidol, erythrocyte surface, adsorption.



	Pharmaceutical Chemistry V. Barbakadze Structure of Glucofructan from Rhizomes of Polygonatum Glaberrimum C. Koch (Liliaceae) Presented by Member of the Academy E. Kemertelidze, January 27, 2004 ABSTRACT. The glucofructan was shown to be one of the main water-soluble polysaccharide of Polygonatum glaberrimum rhizomes. according to ¹³C nmR spectral data it belongs to the branched type (mixed-linkage type) fructans, containing both the inulin and the levan type of structures. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: glucofructan, polysaccharide, Polygonatum glaberrimum. Metallurgy A. Gabisiani, T. Jaliashvili, Z. Mushkudiani, N. Gonjilashvili, B. Margievi Steel Refining by Synthetic Slags Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy I. Baratashvili, January 15, 2004 Abstract. Investigation of refining of low and average carbon tube grade steels (09Ã2Ñ and 45) by synthetic slags was carried out in induction furnace in laboratory conditions. It was established that intensive transition of sulfur from these steels into slag took place. High degree of desulfurization is characteristic for synthetic slag 3, which indicates that replacement of expensive spars by trachyte of local manufacture is technologically and economically justified. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: steel, slag, melt, sulfur content, refining. Electrotechnics J. Dochviri, N. Beradze Modal Control Of The Thyristor Dc Electric Drive By Regulation Of Engine's Excitement Flow Presented by Member of the Academy R. Adamia, February 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. The mathematical model of electric drive system following the principles of modal control is constructed. The formulas and definitions of feedback coefficients which ensure optimal control of the electric drive system are established. Functional and structural schemes for the electric drive as well as the curves of transient processes are given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: modal control, electric drive, dynamics, excitement. Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Corr. Member of the Academy R. Khurodze, I. Kakubava, I. Kubetsia, N. Svanidze CLOSED QUEUEING SYSTEM WITH TWO SOURCES OF REQUESTS Presented June 14, 2004 ABSTRACT. The closed queueing system with two sources that represent a mathematical model of repairable standby system is considered. Service duration is a random value distributed by general law. The analyti



	cal model of the system is received in stationary mode. The obtained results enable to calculate and evaluate the efficiency and dependability characteristics of real technical systems. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: closed queueing system, request, repair. Botany N. Lachashvili Phytocenoses of Reaumuria alternifolia in the Vashlovani State Reserve (East Georgia) Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, December 30, 2003 abstract. The paper presents the first description of the phytocenoses of reaumuria alternifolia (Reaumurietum) in the Vashlovani State Reserve. 5 phytocenoses are distinguished. short descriptions and floristic lists of each phytocenosis are given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: arid region, badland, projective coverage, flora. Botany M. Akhalkatsi, G. Gvaladze, M. Gachechiladze RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND THE LIFE CYCLE IN THE FAMILY GENTIANACEAE Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, March 2, 2004 ABSTRACT. Gentiana angulosa, G. cruciata, G. pontica, G. pyrenaica, G. septemfida and Gentianopsis blepharophora have anatropous ovules, reduced antipodals and prolonged seed maturation period (30-40 days). Gentianella caucasea, G. germanica (with hemitropous ovules) and Swertia iberica (with ana-campilotropous ovule) are characterized by proliferated antipodals and rapid seed development (less than 25 days). Proliferated antipodals accelerate embryogenesis by substituting for the function of the endosperm in the early stages and promote rapid seed development. The structural differences of ovule and embryo sac may determine duration of the life cycle, which may stipulate for development of a specific adaptation to the severe environmental conditions due to the shortening of a life cycle and origin of annual ephemers well adapted to the cold and arid climate of alpine environment. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: antipodals, embryo sac, Gentianaceae, ovule. Botany N. Shakarishvili REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ENGLISH YEW - TAXUS BACCATA L. IN GEORGIA: OVULE MORPHOLOGY Presented by Corr. Member of Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, December 23, 2003 ABSTRACT. English yew ovule morphology, seed size and influence of canopy openness on production of ovules and seeds are estimated in three different study areas. Positive correlation between seed size, average number of produced ovules / seeds and canopy openness is established. Seed efficiency (ratio of seeds to ovules) is insignificantly depended on light availability and population growth latitude. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: Taxus baccata L., ovule morphology, seed size, light availability, reproductive success.



	Plant Physiology J. Manjgaladze, N. Kacharava, G. Badridze PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION AND PLASTID PIGMENTS CONTENT IN CHEMO-MUTANTS OF KIDNEY BEAN Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, December 9, 2003 ABSTRACT. The intensities of photosynthesis and respiration, and content of plastid pigments in 11 chemo-mutants, obtained from two varieties of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. borjomula 16 and var. rachuli red) after effecting with super mutagens: ethylene imine, nitrozoethyl urea, and ethyl methane sulphonate have been investigated. It was established that by the physiological characteristics most of the chemo-mutants differed from each other and the initial forms as well; while the phenotypically concurrent ones were similar by the physiological indices too. The correlation between the photosynthesis and plastid pigments content was revealed in chemo-mutants. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: photosynthesis, respiration, plastid pigments, chemo-mutants, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plant Physiology M. Kikvidze, Sh. Chanishvili INFLUENCE OF ACIDIC PRECIPITATIONS ON NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN LEAVES OF HORSE BEAN AND MAIZE Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, February 10, 2004 ABSTRACT. The effect of artificial acidic precipitations on nitrate reductase activity in leaves of horse bean (Vicia faba L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) has been investigated. Experimental plants were sprayed with pH2.5 solution of sulfuric acid or seeds of these plants were soaked in pH3.5 and pH5.0 solutions of sulfuric acid before sowing for 24h. It was revealed that in bean plant sulfuric acid declined the activity of nitrate reductase in both experimental variants. In maize on the contrary, acid spraying stimulated activity of the enzyme. The received results has once again corroborated that there are different adaptive mechanisms to the given stress factor in plants. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: acidic precipitation, nitrate reductase, bean, maize. Plant Physiology N. Mangaladze, M. Bakradze, G. Alexidze, J. Oniani EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT VEGETATIVE ORGANS Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Jokhadze, December 30, 2003 ABSTRACT. Nutrient solution enriched with Zn and Cu [0.001 g/l] promotes the growth of leaves of Rumex crispus. Increase in the concentration of Zn and Cu [0.01 g/l] leads to the appearance of abnormal multiple yellow spots on the surface of leaves. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: plant, zinc, copper, vegetation. Genetics and Selection N. Khalvashi POMOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF ORANGES SPREAD IN THE CHOROKHI



	GORGE (AJARA REGION) Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy V. Papunidze, May 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. The paper presents pomological characteristics (fruit shape, size, skin coloration, surface pattern, peel thickness, separation of peel from the flesh, fleshiness, shape of juice-sacs, number of segments and seeds, characteristics of pulp-segment membranes) and other phenotypic and mechanical indices of some orange forms revealed as a result of long-term investigation of orange plantations in the Chorokhi gorge. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: pomology, orange, spontaneous mutations. Human and Animal Physiology L. Chkhubianishvili, Member of the Academy M. Khananashvili Acquisition Peculiarities in Complex Systems of Conditioned Reflexes During Their Consecutive and Simultaneous Elaboration Presented December 9, 2003 ABSTRACT. With the aid of conditioned alimentary reflex method peculiarities of integration of the three systems of conditioned reflexes have been studied in the dogs in conditions of their sequential and simultaneous elaboration. It has been determined that sequential elaboration of conditioned reflexes occurs on the background of emotional strain development. It has been shown that increase of motor activity, emotional strain and prolongation of return time to starting platform, all reflect the self-regulatory activity of the brain, which prevents the development of higher nervous activity pathology. During simultaneous elaboration of conditioned reflex systems an experimental neurosis does develop in the animals. Possible mechanisms of the results obtained are discussed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: higher nervous activity, alimentary reflexes, acquisition, pathology, dogs. Biophysics G. Mikadze, E. Avaliani, G. Berishvili, M. Melikishvili, T. Eristavi, Member of the Academy M. Zaalishvili SOME DATA ON THE EXTRACTING OF THE NATIVE NEBULIN Presented January 15, 2004 ABSTRACT. Based on the investigation of myofibrilar protein extracts obtained in different conditions we propose that nebulin must not be strongly bound to actin-tropomyosin-troponin complex. Probably the latter is the united complex and nebulin is associated with it. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: nebulin, thin filament proteins, actin-tropomyosin-troponin complex. Biophysics G. Mrevlishvili, G. Gogoladze, T. Tarielashvili MELTING THERMODYNAMICS OF THE CONDENSED DNA Presented by Member of the Academy M. Zaalishvili, October 7, 2003 ABSTRACT. We report the results of the measurements of thermodynamic parameters (temperature, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity increment) of DNA melting in the diluted solution in the presence of cobalt(III)hexammine at different concentrations (including the critical cobalt(III)hexammine concentration when condensation must be occurred) obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and CD-



	spectroscopy. The heat capacity measurements were performed when k=[Co(NH₃)₆³⁺]/[P] ratio was equal to 0; 0.2; 0.3; 0.35 . The data presented suggest that collapse of DNA molecules from solution into well defined toroidal particles is accompanied by sharp increase of ordering between double helixes in the toroidal DNA condensates. Because the DNA in the toroidal condensates preserves the B-form, we suggest that formation of the liquid-crystalline structures of this type also involve the ordering of water in the cobalt(III)hexammine-H₂O and DNA-H₂O interfaces. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: toroidal DNA condensates, DNA liquid crystals, melting, differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism. Biochemistry N. Omiadze, N. Mchedlishvili, L. Gulua, N. Pruidze, M. Abutidze STUDY OF MULTIPLE FORMS OF PHENOL OXIDASE FROM KOLCHIDA TEA LEAVES Presented by Member of the Academy G. Kvesitadze, October 21, 2003 ABSTRACT. Molecular weights, pH optima and substrate specificity of multiple forms of phenol oxidases (E.C. 1.14.18.1. monophenol dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase) from Kolchida tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) have been studied. It has been shown that Kolchida tea leaves contain phenol oxidases with MW 28,000, 41,000, 58,000, 118,000 and 250,000. Kolchida tea leaves phenol oxidases with MW 250,000, 118,000±3,000 and 58,000±2,000 are catechol oxidases. High molecular weight forms of phenol-oxidase of Kolchida tea leaves (MW 250,000, 118,000 and 58,000) catalyze the oxidation of catechins, mainly (-) epigallocatecin and (-) epigallocatechin gallate. Theaflavins and thearubugins produced at this time regulate phenol oxidase activity. These products at high concentration completely inhibit activity of phenol oxidase. Phenol oxidases of low molecular weights (MW 28,000 and 41,000) from tea leaves catalyze hydroxylation of monophenols, namely, p-coumaric acid, producing o-diphenols. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: Phenol oxidase, tea, catechol oxidase, tyrosinase, Camellia sinensis L., multiple forms. Biochemistry L. Mamasakhlisashvili, L. Vashakidze, D. Kalatozishvili,A. Saralidze SOME CHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL INDICES OF RED GRAPE VARIETIES SPREAD IN MESKHETI REGION Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, March 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. Chemical and technological indices of wines, prepared by classical technology and by means of 9-day fermentation on husks of grape^,s from red grape varieties, spread in Meskheti ("Tamaris Vazi", "Satsuravi" and "Meskhuri Saperavi") have been determined. The content of total phenolics, anthocyanins and extracted substances was higher in wine materials obtained by fermentation on husks of grapes compared with those obtained by classical technology. All studied red grape varieties, and especially the variety "Tamaris Vazi", were distinguished by antimutagenic properties and high nutritive value. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: red grapes, wine material, phenolic substances, anthocyanins, organoleptic indices. Biochemistry A. Tsereteli, N. Sabashvili, N. Butskhrikidze, T. Janelidze OBTAINING OF CARBOHYDRASE ENZYME PREPARATIONS FROM THE MUTANT STRAINS OF PENICILLIUM CANESCENS SOPP. 20171 Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, December 23, 2003



	ABSTRACT. For mutant strains of Penicillium canescens TK-85 and Penicillium canescens AMT- 85, the producers of a-galactosidase and b-galactosidase, the possibility of substituting food product soybean flour by vine and tea wastes in the medium has been revealed. Total biosynthesis of a and b-galactosidases has been increased by 30-40% through additional administration of PVC into the medium. The most active preparations of a-galactosidase, b-galactosidase and b-fructofuranosidase with specific activities of 22, 92, 32 un/mg of protein accordingly, have been obtained from the filtrate of culture solution through precipitation by one volume ethanol. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: enzyme, galactosidase, fructofuranosidase, invertase, Penicillium canescens. Biochemistry T. Urushadze, R. Khvedelidze, A. Berulava, D. Chkhartishvili,T. Burduli STUDY OF SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF ENDO-1,4-z-GLUCANASES FROM THERMOPHILIC MICROMYCETES Presented by Member of the Academy G. Kvesitadze, December 23, 2003 ABSTRACT. While determining substrate specificity of endoglucanases from thermopilic strains A.wentii, A.versicolor, Sp. pulverulentum, it has been shown, that they hydrolyze: b-1,4 -bond into CMC, cellulose and avicel; alternating b-1,4, b-1,3- bond into lichenin and b-1,4, b-1,3 bonds into mannane. By chromatographic analysis of products of crystalline and amorphous substrates hydrolysis by homogenous endoglucanases the presence of only glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotetraose has been established. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: CMC, endoglucanase, substrate, bond, hydrolysis. Biochemistry G. Zaalishvili, N. Japaridze, K. Kolkhidashvili, K. Kutalia, D. Margiani, Z. Tsetskhladze, Corr. Member of the Academy T. Zaalishvili INFLUENCE OF Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺CATIONS AND BIOGENIC POLYAMINES ON THE NUCLEAR MATRIX POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT LIVER CELLS Presented February 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. It has been shown that cations of Mg²⁺ considerably increase the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activity of rat liver nuclear matrix, whereas the cations of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and biogenic polyamines spermine and spermidine significantly inhibit the polymerase activity in the presence of Mg²⁺ cations. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: nuclear matrix, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, spermine, spermidine. Biochemistry M. Betsiashvili, T. Sadunishvili, N. Amashukeli, N. Tsulukidze, N. Shapovalova, N. Dzamukashvili, Member of the Academy N.Nutsubidze EFFECT OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON MAIN METABOLIC AND ENERGETIC ENZYMES IN MAIZE, RYEGRASS AND KIDNEY BEAN SEEDLINGS Presented February 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. Benzene and 3,4-benzpyrene effect on main metabolic and energetic enzyme activities in higher plant roots and leaves have been studied. Glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glutamine



	synthetase activities, as well as protein content changes in roots and leaves of maize, ryegrass and kidney bean seedlings have been revealed. It has been stated that almost in all studied plant roots, except of kidney bean, stimulation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity at the effect of benzene and 3,4-benzpyrene takes place. In kidney bean roots activities of all studied enzymes practically do not change. Thus kidney bean roots are more tolerant at the effect of aromatic hydrocarbons. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: benzene, 3,4-benzpyrene, glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry A. Apakidze TRANSPIRATION AND STATE OF STOMATAL APPARATUS OF VINE VITIS VINIFERA L. Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, January 6, 2004 ABSTRACT. Transpiration and stoma position of vine (Vitis vinifera L., variety Rkatsiteli) has been studied. It was found that transpiration intensity and stoma position are genetically determined features and their coordinated action conditions draught resistance of vine variety Rkatsiteli. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: vine variety Rkatsiteli, transpiration, stomatal apparatus, draught. Microbiology and Virology S. Rostomashvili, L. Kalandarishvili, M. Koshoridze, N. Lomsadze, T. Lomsadze, G.Davitaia Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids from Satureja hortensis Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, September 23, 2003 ABSTRACT. Phenolic compounds obtained from Satureja hortensis found significant activity against a number of microorganisms E. coli-10, E. coli-16, E. coli-17, Staphylococcus aureus-34, Staphylococcus-19, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus-19, Streptococcus piogenus, Schigella sonnei. At the same time this fraction is characterized by the presence of strong antioxidative ability to suppress lipid peroxidation processes in the investigated samples. It is suggested that such properties of phenolic compounds from Satureja hortensis give ground to use them for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory pathologies. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: antimicrobial activity, phenolic compounds, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative activity. Microbiology and virology S. Rigvava, M. Natidze, R. Sharp, M. Bubashvili, D. Gogiashvili, L. Kavtaradze SEROLOGICAL METHOD FOR INVESTIGATION OF ANTHRAX Presented by Member of the Academy T.Chanishvili, May 31, 2004 ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was implementation of serological express-method and indication of the anthrax infectious agent and determination of the toxin in the pathological material. With an aid of passive agglutination reaction the blood serum of 22 subjects suspected for anthrax has been investigated. Anthrax was determined in 20 cases. Bacteriological study of the same samples identified B.anthracis in one case only. Examination with passive hemagglutination reaction of the soil samples from the foci of eastern and western Georgia, considered as anthrax-insecure ones, revealed presence of B.anthracis in 8 samples. This finding was verified bacteriologically as well. Thus, reaction of passive hemagglutination is sensitive, specific, and reliable method for anthrax immunodiagnostics. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.



	Key words: anthrax, passive hemagglutination, diagnostics, pathological material, soil samples. Entomology B. Develashvili THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANOPHELOGENOUS PONDS AND THE ECOLOGICALLY HARMLESS PREVENTION METODS Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy B. Kurashvili, March 25, 2004 ABSTRACT. The investigations have been carried out throughout the hypermalariogenic zones of western and eastern Georgia in order to characterize the genesis of anophelogenous ponds and biotic and abiotic factors. The types of aquatic plants, the chemical composition of water, salt content and the concentration of H and OH ions have been studied within the isothermal, hyperthermal and hypothermal ponds. The main features of Anopheles's water phases represent food chains. In this case the main food producers _ aquatic plants are the most important creatures. They belong to plankton, benthos and neiston type. The drug cipermetrin, from the group of piretroides, was tested against the larvae of Anopheles within the anophelogenous ponds. High effect of this compound was established against the pre-imago stages of the transmitter. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: anophelogenous, biotic, abiotic, biocenose, isothermal, hypermalariogenic, plankton, benthos, neiston, biotope, piretroide, cipermetrin. Zoology N. Palavandishvili Seasonal Dynamics of Protein content in the Black Sea Gastropoda Mollusk Rapana thomasiana Grosse Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy I. Eliava, February 17, 2004 ABSRACT. Rapana is a representative of the Gastropoda class, which has reached the Black sea from the Japanese sea. Like other mollusks, its meat, kidney and other parts of the organism are very rich in the biologically active substances. We have studied not only the seasonal dynamics of the protein contet in Rapana, but also the dependence of protein quantity on the physiological and biological state of the mollusk, i.e. the dependence of linear growth on gametogenesis. Two peaks of protein synthesis have been recorded _ in spring and winter. In summer, especially in August, when Rapana reproduction is very intensive, the quantity of proteins decreases. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: protein synthesis, mollusks, gametogenesis, spawning, hydrobiont. Zoology N. Mikaia SEVERIANOIA SEVERIANOI (SCHWENK, 1926) FROM THE INTESTINE OF CETONIA AURATA Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy I. Eliava, February 24, 2004 ABSTRACT. The samples of Cetonia aurata (Insecta, Scarabaeidae), which is known as the pest of forestry and agriculture, from the East Georgia, have been studied on the presence of nematodes. Only one parasitic nematode species Severianoia severianoi (Schwenk, 1926) was detected in the intestine of the Cetonia aurata. The nematode species has been registered in Georgia for the first time. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: nematode, pest insect, Severianoia severianoi, Cetonia aurata.



	Zoology T. Gogmachadze, R. Diasamidze CHARACTERISTICS OF THE METABOLISM INTENSITY IN MYTILIS EDULIS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Jokhadze, March 30, 2004 ABSTRACT. the characteristics of the metabolism intensity in the Mytilis edulis at different temperatures have been studied. The correlation of increasing metabolism with the increasing temperature has also been determined. The necessity of considering temperature conditions has been indicated while the artificial cultivation of mussels. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: mussels, use of oxygen, coefficient of correlation, biological productivity, Mytilis edulis. Cytology S. Kemoklidze THE INFLUENCE OF VAGOTOMY UPON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF G-CELLS, PARIETAL, CHIEF AND MUCOUS NECK CELLS OF GASTRIC MUCOUS MEMBRANE Presented by Member of the Academy N. Javakhishvili, June 14, 2004 ABSTRACT. The changes of quantity of the gastrine-producing cells (G-cells), also the changes of quantity of area and nucleus area of chief, parietal and mucous neck cells have been studied on the 5th, 20th, 45th, 90th and 180th days after truncular vagotomy, observing 75 adult rats. G-cells turned out to be the most sensible ones towards the vagotomy, while mucous neck cells producing mucous membrane protecting factor were the most resistant against the vagotomy. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: gastric mucous membrane, vagotomy, cells morphometry. Experimental Medicine E. Nikobadze, G. Gorgoshidze MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE ADRENAL GLAND CORTEX DURING CARDIOGENIC SHOCK AND HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA IN EXPERIMENTS Presented by Member of the Academy N. Javakhishvili, November 18, 2003 ABSTRACT. Morphological peculiarities in adrenal gland cortex during cardiogenic shock and hypobaric hypoxia have been studied. The experiments were carried out on 27 mongrel dogs (with initial body masses of 12-15kg) and 20 rabbits (with initial body masses of 2-3kg). Adrenal glands were dissected from each animal after 1-3 (group 1) and 24-48 (group 2) hours following the cardiogenic shock. On the basis of the data observed in the histological and electron-microscopic studies it is possible to speak not only of changes in the microcirculatory bed and in adrenal glands parenchyma that are typical for shock and hypobaric hypoxia, but also of the distinctive changes in "shock-organ" that may be considered as endocrine glands response to the specific pathological activity. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: adrenal glands, cortex, ultrastructure, cardiogenic shock, hypobaric hypoxia. Ecology D. Zurabashvili, N. Gelenava ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC COMPONENTS OF TOBACCO SMOKE



	Presented by Member of the Academy T. Andronikashvili, May 3, 2004 ABSTRACT. By means of the methods of modern analytic chemistry certain components of tobacco smoke from burning cigarette have been defined. Influence of the environmental temperature on the spread of each component has been investigated. Nicotine, organic acids, aromatic alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke have been identified with the help of capillary gas chromatography method qualitatively and quantitatively. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: tobacco smoke, gas liquid chromatography. Psychology T. Pantsulaia The Quality of Life of the Patients (under Hemo-Dialysis) with Renal Failure Presented by Member of the Academy Sh. Nadirashvili, November 4, 2003 ABSTRACT. Condition of dialysis patients with kidney insufficiency proceeds with many changes, such as: dependency to dialisys equipment, medical personal, close people (relatives, friends), numerous side effects of the treatment process, forced change of accomodation environment, travelling problem, identity of time and energy, as well as development of impotence and defects connected to the body image. Unstable emotional environment, low level of stress tolerance, ambivalence in interpersonal relations, low self-evaluation, prevailing of symbiosis and support requirements among the basic requirements _ all the above characteristics prove the low level of life among the patients who need psychological support and corelational approach. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: renal failure, hemo-dyalysis, quality of life. Politology D. Pipinashvili THE AFGHAN CONFLICT AND PROBLEM OF JIHAD in Central EURASIA Presented by Member of the Academy G. Tevzadze, January 27, 2004 ABSTRACT. The tragic events of September 11 (2001) have shed light on the previously overlooked phenomenon of trans-national jihadism in Central Eurasia. In the process, Western intelligence agencies have begun to link a disparate variety of pre-existing jihad battlefields in this ethnically diverse region to the new US-led war on fundamentalist terrorism. A background assessment of the Afghan conflict presents unique insights into the ways in which pre-existing conflicts between Arab-sponsored fundamentalists, local Sufi-mystics and various Eurasian ethnic groups have been subsumed in the US-led global struggle against jihad-militants. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. Key words: Afghanistan, Eurasia, jihad, islam, terrorism, conflict, region. History of Art Z. Dolidze, G. Iasashvili COMMUNICATION AS AN ESSENCE OF TELEVISION ART Presented by Member of the Academy G. Giorgadze, March 28, 2003 ABSTRACT. In the present paper, we consider the essence of television communication in which the modificated determination of the subject is the main aspect and comes from personal initiatives. It is based on

personal experience in which one of the main problems is the outer world and sociopsychological background. In order for the creator of the telecast to bring the program to the subject in a natural and not imposing way it is necessary to create purposeful and effective visual illustration which can simplify the most difficult artistic and psychological aspects. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.

Key words: television, communication, program.

History of Sciences

T. Efremidze, Sh. Kirtadze

N. MUSKHELISHVILI and REVERSAL PROBLEM OF RADIATION THEORY

Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A. Khelashvili, December 23, 2003

ABSTRACT. The paper discusses N.Muskhelishvili's contribution to the solution of reversal problem of the Black Radiation Theory (BRT) developed in his article "The Solution of the Direct Problem of Black Radiation" (completed in 1920 and published in 1924 ). He stated that if we had Rayleigh-Jean's, Planck's and Wien's spectral distribution functions, mathematically there was possibility of finding corresponding undiscrete and discrete statistical weight for them. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.

Key words: termal radiation, black boody, distribution function, Statistical weighty.