MOAMBE
2004
Volume 170 number 2
Mathematics
K.Kalashnikov, G.Khimshiashvili
Stochastically Independent Functions on Closed Surfaces
Presented by Member of the Academy N.Vakhania, April 2, 2004
ABSTRACT. We consider smooth functions on compact closed surfaces which are stochastically independent as random variables with respect to the normalized Lebesgue measure. Some general properties of independent smooth functions are established which, in particular, imply that there do not exist stochastically independent non-constant real analytic functions on the two-dimensional sphere. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: stochastic independence, closed surface, analytic function, Peano curve, fundamental group.
Mathematics
G.Tkebuchava
Divergence in Measure of Logarithmic Means of Multiple Fourier Series
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, February 10, 2004
ABSTRACT. The maximal separable Orlicz space providing convergence in measure of logarithmic Norlund means of multiple Fourier series is found. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: multiple Fourier series, convergence in measure, logarithmic Norlund means, Orlicz space.
Mathematics
T.Kopaliani
Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Function in Banach Function Spaces
Presented by Member of the Academy L.Zhizhiasvili, November 11, 2003
ABSTRACT. Banach functional spaces with singularity properties on closed set are characterized. In denoted spaces, boundedness of Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators are studied. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: semi-M-space, Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, Orlicz space, rearrangement invariant space.
Mathematics
T. Jangveladze, Z. Kiguradze
The Asymptotic Behavior as 
of the Solution of One Nonlinear
Integro-Differential Equation
Presented by Member of the Academy I.Kiguradze, December 30, 2003
ABSTRACT. The paper
is devoted to one nonlinear diffusion model. The asymptotic behavior as of the solutions is
obtained. The rates of convergence are also given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: diffusion model, nonlinear integro-differential equation, asymptotic behavior.
MATHEMATICS
A. Aplakov
On the absolute convergence of the series of Fourier coefficients with respect to Haar-like systems
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, March 15, 2004
Abstract. In this paper we study the absolute convergence of the series of Fourier coefficients with respect to Haar-like systems for functions of the class generalized bounded oscillation BO(p(n)p). © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: absolute convergence, Haar-like systems, generalized bounded oscillation.
Mathematics
G. Gát, U. Goginava
Uniform and L-Convergence of Logarithmic Means of d-Dimensional Walsh-Fourier Series
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, March 30, 2004
ABSTRACT. In this paper we study some convergence and divergence properties of logarithmic means of the d-dimensional Walsh-Fourier series of functions in the uniform and in the L Lebesgue norm. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence regarding the modulus of continuity of the function and also the function space. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: multiple Walsh-Fourier series, logarithmic means.
Mathematics
D. Chokoraia
Stress Concentration Problem for the Non-Shallow Spherical Shell
Presented by Member of the Academy R. Bantsuri, May 18, 2004
ABSTRACT. In the present paper the non-shallow spherical bodies of shell type are discussed. Here we consider the case, when the displacement vector is independent from the thickness coordinate x3. Three-dimensional problem concerned with the stress concentration near the hole in the elastic body has been solved. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: non-shallow shell, displacement vector, stress vector.
Mathematics
Sh. Zviadadze
On the Statement of F.Riesz
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, May 18, 2004
ABSTRACT. The Riesz well known statement is generalized. Namely, two theorems concerning the representation of functions of one and several variables by indefinite integral from functions of Lp (p>1) class are given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Lebesgue integral, Lp space.
Mathematics
T. Kvirikashvili
Ring Projective Geometries and their Morphisms
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Baladze, May 25, 2004
ABSTRACT. In the work we have studied ring projective geometries, their association with projective lattices and morphisms between geometries and between lattices. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: ring projective geometry, projective lattices, morphism.
CYBERNETICS
N. Nanobashvili, N. Jikia
Elements of Multilevel Coding and Information Compression
Presented by Member of the Academy V. Chavchanidze, April 27, 2004
ABSTRACT. We consider multilayer (hierarchical) coding and information compression in the context of image coding. A formal scheme of constructing a multilevel code network is given theoretically. This scheme allows us not only to code an image, but also to perform its detailed analysis for each individual coding network layer. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: image coding, wholeness of form perception, information compression.
PHYSICS
G.Kakauridze, B.Kilosanidze, S.Petrova, V.Shaverdova
Kinetics of Photoanisotropy in Relaxing Media on the Basis of Azodye Dimethyl Yellow
Presented by Member of the Academy T.Sanadze, March 2, 2004
ABSTRACT. The results of experimental investigations of photoanisotropy in polarization-sensitive media with dark relaxation on the basis of azodye dimethyl yellow are presented. The dependence of the value of photoanisotropy and time of dark relaxation on the intensity of acting radiation and on the relaxation coefficient is shown. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: polarization-sensitive media, photoanisotropy, relaxation.
Physics
M. Tagviashvili, V. Berezhiani, V. Chichinadze
Dynamics and Properties of Laser-Produced Uranium Plasma
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Tsintsadze, April 13, 2003
ABSTRACT. Interaction of powerful laser radiation with solid uranium target has been studied in framework of one-dimensional two-temperature Maxwell-hydrodynamic model. It is shown that properties of the uranium plasma strongly depend on the parameters of applied laser radiation. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: laser plasma, laser pulse, ionisation, plasma extension.
Physics
S.Gotoshia, L. Gotoshia
Study of Surface Electric Field Effect on Raman Scattering in GaP
Presented by Member of the Academy T.Sanadze, May 3, 2004
ABSTRACT. We have experimentally first registered in indirect band semiconductor GaP forbidden longitudinal optic phonon (LO) induced by surface electric field from (110) crystal surface. The intensity of this phonon increases with bulk electron concentration, whereas the intensity of transverse optic phonon (TO) remains unchanged. The intensity of LO phonon increases still more when we covered semiconductor (110) surface with semitransparent aluminum layer and recorded a spectrum with this layer. It is possible to observe this effect in resonance Raman scattering. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: resonance Raman scattering, semiconductors, depletion layer.
Physics
Z.Berishvili, N.Toloraia, V.Kirtskhalia
On the Development of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in Compressible Fluids
Presented by Member of the Academy J.Lominadze, May 3, 2004
Abstract. We consider the dynamics of instability development of tangential discontinuity in limited and nonlimited compressible fluids. It is shown that in both cases the permissible area of changing relative velocity of fluids flow is the same. It has been also established that the restriction of the fluids with parallel surfaces of tangential discontinuity surface makes stabilizing effect. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: hydrodynamics, tangential discontinuity, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
Physics
J.Mebonia, G.Skhirtladze
Effect of Correct Coulomb Asymptotic in Reactions (e, 2e)
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A.Khelashvili, September 19, 2004
ABSTRACT. Perfection of three-particle approach to the process of ionization of atoms on the basis of correct account of asymptotic behavior of wave function of rejected electron in continium is suggested. Concrete calculations are carried out for H(e,2e)H+ and He(e,2e)He+ reaction. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: asymptotic, reaction, three-particle approach.
Astronomy
R. Natsvlishvili
On the 3K-Radiation Source
Presented by Member of the Academy J.Lominadze, June 8, 2004
ABSTRACT. Observational data, strengthening the version that the 3K-microwave radiation of the Universe is originated from discrete sources, are considered. By this version there was no gravitational condensation at any stage of the Universe evolution and each phase of the development was a process of space structural modifications during transformation of the matter from a more dense state to a less dense one. In such evolutional hierarchy of the Universe, the origin and development of quasars represent an essential link of galaxy formation-development level, where quasars represent the early evolutionary stage of galaxies. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Universe expansion rate, 3K-radiation source.
Physics
M.Dzhibladze
On Redshift of Galaxies Radiation
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A. Khelashvili, May 20, 2004
ABCTRACT. It is shown, that combinational scattering of light into the Stokes part, besides Doppler effect, brings the contribution into the quantity of redshift of galaxies radiation, that can make the corrective amendments while defining dispersion speeds of galaxies. Compton's scattering of the photons on the space particles also contributes to the quantity of redshft. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: galaxies, redshift
GEOPHYSICS
L. Javakhishvili
Dependence of the Anomaly on the Depth of Immersion of the Center of Sphere for Different Separation of the DC Device Operating in the Non-Stable Regime of ra
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy T. Chelidze, February 10, 2004
ABSTRACT. The radius of the research of the device operating in non-stable regime of ra depends on the parameter sc, which represents correlation value of the currents flowing through the feeding electrodes. The parameter sc fulfills a role of a kind of "amplifier '' due to which the radius of the research of the device increases in the range of critical point. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: non-stable regime of ra, critical point, resistivity, direct current, amplifier.
Geophysics
T. Matcharashvili, N.Kutaladze, L. Kartvelishvili, G. Japaridze
Investigation of Persistence of Linear Trends in Air Temperature Time Series of Georgia
Presented by Member of the Academy T. Chelidze, March 3, 2004
ABSTRACT. In present work the problem of persistence of linear trends in air temperature time series of Georgia was investigated. Researches were carried out on various temporal and spatial scales. Namely, for entire territory of Georgia and for each city, as well. Process of mean daily and monthly temperature variation in Georgia on whole considered time scale is characterized with unstable trends. Temporal range of persistence in considered time series does not exceed 1.4-1.5 years. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: variation, threshold, persistence.
Computer Science
T.Bakhtadze, K. Odishvili
Method of Knowledge Representation Focused on Tables and Procedures on the Example of Prediction Results of Earthquake
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A. Prangishvili, February 2, 2004
ABSTRACT. The solution of automation problem of prediction of earthquake results is given. It is shown that tabulated expert knowledge is transformed into mathematical model. The algorithm of a problem solution is described. Knowledge representation based on a database and procedures is proposed. The data of prediction are given on the example of Tbilisi city. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: prediction, software, procedural, expert, knowledge, building, earthquake.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
G. Papava, N. Gelashvili, Z. Molodinashvili, M. Datuashvili,
M. Gurgenishvili, Sh. Papava
Production of Phenol-Formaldehyde Oligomer (Novolac) via Interaction of Phenol with Paraform in Melt
Presented by Member of the Academy T. Andronikashvili, April 20, 2004
ABSTRACT. It has been elaborated the continuous method of novolac obtaining in the melt by using paraform instead of formaldehyde aqueous solution. The dependence of oligomer formation on the duration of the reaction and the temperature change was investigated. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: novolac, phenol, paraphorm, melt.
Physical Chemistry
V. Gverdtsiteli, M. Gverdtsiteli, D.Gverdtsiteli
Algebraic-Chemical Investigation of Disproportion Reactions of Formic Acid
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy Sh. Samsonia, June 14, 2004
Abstract. Algebraic-chemical investigation of two disproportion reactions of formic acid was carried out within the scope of ANB-matrices method and Shennon's modernized information entropy method. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: formic acid, disproportion, ANB-matrix.
Electrochemistry
V. Kveselava, G. Agladze, M. Jaliashvili, M. Kerechashvili
Potassium Manganate Electrooxidation in Conditions of Flowing Electrolyte
Presented by Member of the Academy J. Japaridze, March 2, 2004
Abstract. We have studied the process of electrolytic oxidation of potassium manganate in flowing reactor of circular section the inner surface of which operates as anode and coaxially located copper tube as cathode. The ratio of density of anodic and cathodic current makes 1:100, which is performed by means of coating with certain interval the cathode surface by insulator. In order to hinder the precipitation of KMnO4 crystals in reactor its concentration is preserved within its solubility in the initial and processed electrolyte. The current efficiency of potassium permanganate makes 80%. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: electrosynthesis of potassium permanganate, potassium manganate, circular section electolysis, flowing electrolyte.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
R.Kvaratskhelia, E.Kvaratskhelia
Formation of the Hydrogen Ions Concentration in Diluted Solutions of Weak Tribasic Organic Acids
Presented by Member of the Academy J.Japaridze, March 26, 2004
ABSTRACT. The equations connecting the dissociation constants of weak tribasic organic acids with the shares of various dissociation steps in a total hydrogen ions concentration in the diluted solutions of these acids have been suggested and analyzed in a wide range of the variables of these equations. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: dissociation constant, concentration, acid, hydrogen ions.
Physical Geography
B. Beritashvili, R. Meskhia
Change of Temperature Anomalies Frequency in Georgia
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, February, 2004.
Abstract. The paper deals with the change of recurrence of positive and negative air temperature anomalies in Georgia since the middle of XIX century. Small tendency for the increase of negative anomalies recurrence is revealed on the territory of Western Georgia, while obvious raise in the frequency of positive anomalies is detected in Eastern Georgia. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: air temperature anomalies, frequency, recurrence, global warming, trend, decade, cooling.
Petrology
A.Makharadze
On Volcanogenic-Sedimentary Deposits of Manganese in the Islam Republic of Iran
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy D.Shengelia, December 23, 2003
Abstract. Volcanogenic -sedimentary deposits of manganese take their origin at the junction zone of rigid and labile tectonic structures, in shallow coastal sea, at the final stage of volcanic activity when a great amount of ore minerals came into the basin by hydrothermal waters and influx of clastic material was insignificant. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Iran, Eocene, manganese, iron, volcanogenic -sedimentary deposits
METALLURGY
I.Chkhartishvili, N.Zoidze, J.Lordkipanidze, N. Luarsabishvili, Z. Melashvili
The Influence of Microalloying and Thermal Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Billets and Pipes Prepared from Microalloyed Steel C0.2Mn2Cr1
Presented by Member of the Academy R. Adamia, June 16, 2004
ABSTRACT. The influence of doping with Ca, Ba and B on processing and mechanical properties of tubes prepared from steel C0.2Mn2Cr1 was investigated. Significant increase of plasticity and impact strength was observed.
Optimal technological parameters of broaching and reducing processes for obtaining high strength was established and the critical reduction needed for cavity formation at the tip of mandrel was determined.
Cavity formation parameters were established via hot-twisting and tapered sample rolling tests. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: microalloying, low alloyed high strength steels, seamless tubes, hot-twisting, rolling mill, plug mill, blooming.
Machine Building Science
I.Khatiskatsi
Solution of Space Problems by means of Square-Law Transformations
Presented by Member of the Academy R.Adamia, April 14, 2004
ABSTRACT. One of the widest groups of the problems from theoretical investigations in machine building science is being considered in the article. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: square-law transformation, space problem.
Hydraulic Engineering
R. Danelia, E. Kukhalashvili, N.Mebonia
Model of Forming Underground Inner Flow of Drainage System
Presented by Member of the Academy O.Natishvili, April 6, 2004
ABSTRACT. Considering ecological situation construction of drying melioration systems requires conducting complex of measures which in future will exclude irreversible negative ecological processes. In the presented work based on the analysis of the available research materials using sticky-plastic model of drainage system and initial gradient calculating dependences of distance between open drains and drying norm are received. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: sticky-plastic model, initial gradient, drainage system, filtration.
Plant Growing
L.Gvasalia, M.Kardava, M.Gamisonia
Chemical Composition of Grain Maize during Application of Mineral, Organic Fertilizers and some Rocks (Laumantite and Marl)
Presented by Member of the Academy T.Andronikashvili, March 16, 2004
Abstract. It has been shown that the application of rocks in infertile soils of Mingrelia (West Georgia) such as laumontite (natural zeolite) and marl, as well as their combinations with mineral and organic fertilizers contribute to rising of grain maize yield without deteriozation of its chemical composition. In this case the content of nitrates in grain maize grown under the action of only laumontite and marl is considerably reduced compared with the maize grown in trial plots with mineral and organic fertilizers (roughly in 6-8 times). © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: grain, maize, laumontite, marl, chemical composition.
Ecology
O. Abdaladze, M. Chiboshvili
Ecological Analysis of Current State of Winter Pastures on Iori Plateau
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, February 17, 2004
ABSTRACT. The total phytomass, its vertical distribution, plant cover projection index and canopy height have been studied in some typical winter pastures in the South-East of Georgia (Iori Plateau, close to the region of Chachuna State Restrict). Extensive long-term exploitation of winter pastures has provoked strong degradation processes in plant communities: plant cover index is decreased (1.7 times on average); canopy height is declined (1.9 times on average); canopy structure is disturbed; total phytomass is reduced (3.1 times on average); soil erosion processes are widespread; some parts of erosion already reveal inconvertible features. The real load of pastures (4.6 sheep/hectare on average) exceeds the rational rate 23 times. Conservation of current level of pasture’s load will cause total degradation of the plant cover, expansion of scale of erosion and as a result, reinforcement of desertification processes. Gradual unloading of the pastures and their rational use is an urgent problem. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: arid vegetation, winter pasture, overgrazing, total phytomass, plant cover, canopy structure.
Botany
A.Tsitsvidze, I.Grigolia
On Adaptation of Spruce Picea Genus in Georgia
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy G.Nakhutsrishvili, March 30, 2004
Abstract. Picea genus is spread in mountain regions of the north hemisphere. In Georgia 19 species and varieties are introduced. Picea genus preserves heredity characteristic for the highland plants. In Georgia their growth and development is limited by high air temperature, low relative moisture, small amount of precipitation and acid soils. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: spruce, subareal climate, acid soils
BOTANY
L. Kobakhidze, M. Eristavi, Z. Gamtsemlidze
Reproduction Biology of Tulipa eichleri Rgl. (Liliaceae)
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, May 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. We have studied the reproduction biology of Tulipa eichleri Rgl., a rare decorative species subjected to severe anthropogenic stress, in order to elaborate measures for its protection. T. eichleri Rgl. is distinguished by the ability to adapt quite easily to culture conditions. The species is resistant to diseases and develops the seeds, which mature in a short period of time and germinate rapidly and simultaneously. These important features make it possible to obtain a great number of seedlings and create a good basis for ex situ conservation of the species. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Tulipa eichleri, bulb, scales, flower, pollen, pollination, ovule, seed.
Botany
M. Khutsishvili
Type Specimens of the Genus Scrophularia L. Kept at the Herbarium (TBI) of N.Ketskhoveli Institute of Botany, of the Georgian Academy of Sciences
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G.Nakhutsrishvili, March 30, 2003
ABSTRACT. The problems of typification of the genus Scrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) kept at the Herbarium (TBI) of the N. Ketskhoveli Institute of Botany, of the Georgian Academy of Sciences are discussed for the first time. Nomenclature questions regarding the type specimens of 11 species from the genus Scrophularia L. are clarified according to International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
Key words: type specimens, TBI, Scrophularia, taxonomy.
Botany
N. Lachashvili
Rare Phytocenoses of Atraphaxis spinosa in the Vashlovani State Reserve (East Georgia)
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, February 24, 2004
ABSTRACT. Communities of Atraphaxis spinosa formation (Atraphaxietum) have been described for the first time in Georgia, particularly, in the Vashlovani State Reserve. 3 phytocenoses are distinguished. This paper presents short geobotanical descriptions of the phytocenoses and appropriate floristic lists. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: arid region, badland, projective coverage, flora.
Botany
E. Gordadze, Ts. Jorjoliani, T. Chkheidze
Woody Plants and their Communities of Sataplia State Reserve (Imereti, Georgia)
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, July 20, 2004
ABSTRACT. The territory of Sataplia State Reserve (348ha) presents great scientific interest. The traces of Dinozaurs have been found there. The observation over the reserve with the aim of establishment of new biocenosis has been carried out since 1935. The reserve was established in 1935 on an area completely devoid of forests. Vegetation of the reserve has been restored naturally, through offspring development and self-seeding. 68 species of woody and 482 species of herbaceous plants of Colchic type have been recorded in the reserve. The woody plants of the reserve belong to 28 botanical families. 33 of these plants are trees and 35 are shrubs. 63 species are dicotyledonous and 3 to monocotyledonous. 56 species are deciduous and 12 are evergreen. 3 species are endemic to the Caucasus, 1 to Georgia. 12 species belong to the Colchic element. 3 species are feral and 3 cultivated. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: woody plants, woody plant communities, reserve, Sataplia.
Plant Physiology
Sh. Chanishvili, G. Badridze, T. Berishvili, I. Chanishvili
Allocation of Dry Mass in some Species of Wheat
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, December 9, 2003
ABSTRACT. The mass distribution between the main organs of wheat in wild species, old landraces and modern cultivars has been studied. Also the content of plastid pigments and the index of fertility were investigated. Among the experimental plants there were five species of Georgian endemic wheats: Triticum dicoccoides (Koern.), T. paleocolchicum (Men.), T. macha (Dek. et Men.), T. timopheevii (Zhuk.) and T. zhukowskyi (Men. et Erit.). It was established that modern cultivars have higher index of fertility and more total biomass than their wild and ancient precursors. But there wasn’t great difference in biomass distribution among the separate organs between the studied groups of wheat. Moreover, in some cases the indices of biomass allocation in old species may be were more optimal from the agricultural point of view. The Georgian endemic wheat T. macha (Dek. et Men.) seemed to be especially interesting. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: biomass allocation, plastid pigments, index of fertility, Triticum ssp.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
E. Ketskhoveli, I. Chichiashvili, S. Shamtsian, S. Abramidze, N. Razmadze, L. Rapava
Impact of Acid Precipitations on Plastid Pigments Content of Green and Red-leaved Forms of Castorbean Plants (Ricinus communis L.)
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, May 3, 2004
ABSTRACT. Influence of acid precipitations on red and green-leaved forms of castorbean plants has revealed the quantitative differences in plastid pigments content between the two forms. Plastid pigments of leaves of green and anthocyanin-containing forms differently respond to the influence of abiotic factors. Here we propose that not only the indices of chlorophylls' ratio and the ratio of the chlorophylls' sum to carotenoids can be used as biotest, but also a sharp variability of chlorophylls and in some cases the quantity of carotenoids in response to the influence of abiotic factors may be assessed as a specific biotest. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: castorbean, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, anthocyanins, acid precipitation.
Plant Physiology
N. Mangaladze, N.Kiladze
Effect of Heavy Metals on the Plant Fruitage
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D.Jokhadze, April 29, 2004
Abstract. Addition of Co and Ni (0.001 g/l) to the nutrient solution does not affect the number of fruits and content of sugar and ascorbic acid in vegetative and reproductive organs of plant species Chenopodium album, Heracleum, Urtica urens, Amaranthus speciosus, Ornitogalum pyraneicum and Portulaca oleracea.© 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: plant, Co, Ni, fruitage
GENETICS AND SELECTION
L. Mamulashvili, Corr. Member of the Academy P. Naskidashvili,
L. Vashakidze, I. Saatashvili, K. Goginashvili, Sh. Sharia, L. Kirikashvili
Study of Pollen in the Second Cycle Lines Obtained from High-Heterotic Hybrids of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Different Ecologic Conditions
Presented March 30, 2004
ABSTRACT. Cytogenetic methods have been applied to study pollen grain parameters (length, width, diameter) in the generations of the second cycle lines of maize hybrids obtained in diferent ecological conditions (the soils of Bolnisi District, polluted with heavy metals and ecollogically pure soils of Mtskheta District).
As a result of investigation the resistance of pollen grain against heavy metals influence has been revealed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: maize hybrid, heavy metal, soil, pollen grain, mutagenetic effect.
GENETICS AND SELECTION
L. Mamulashvili, Corr. Member of the Academy P. Naskidashvili,
L. Vashakidze, I. Saatashvili, K. Goginashvili, Sh. Sharia, L. Kirikashvili
Study of Pollen in the Second Cycle Lines Obtained from High-Heterotic Hybrids of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Different Ecologic Conditions
Presented March 30, 2004
ABSTRACT. Cytogenetic methods have been applied to study pollen grain parameters (length, width, diameter) in the generations of the second cycle lines of maize hybrids obtained in diferent ecological conditions (the soils of Bolnisi District, polluted with heavy metals and ecollogically pure soils of Mtskheta District).
As a result of investigation the resistance of pollen grain against heavy metals influence has been revealed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: maize hybrid, heavy metal, soil, pollen grain, mutagenetic effect.
HUMAN AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
G.Todua
Neuronal Responses in Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdaloid Complex to Intranuclear Stimulation
Presented by Member of the Academy T. Oniani, November 4, 2003
Abstract. Responses of 147 units in lateral nucleus (LN) to intranuclear stimulation have been investigated extracellularly in acute experiments on cats anesthetized with nembutal and immobilized with dytiline. 54 units responded antidromically. In all cases antidromic spikes were followed by inhibitory phase. The remainder 93 units responded trans-synaptically. The spike discharge characteristics of some of them resembled those of identified inhibitory cells in different part of brain. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: lateral nucleus, intranuclear stimulation antidromic response, collision test, inhibitory interneuron.
Biophysics
J.Gogorishvili, Member of the Academy M.Zaalishvili, N.Japaridze, N.Gachechiladze
On the Study of ATP-ase and Non-ATP-ase b-Lipoproteins
Presented February 17, 2004
Abstract. It has been shown that pig serum b-lipoproteins differ from the liver and brain b-lipoproteins and do not contain ATP-ase. The rabbit skeletal muscle actomyosin does not form complex with neutral lipids and phospholipids. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: pig serum, b-lipoprotein, skeletal muscle actomyosin, water soluble fraction.
BIOCHEMISTRY
T. Tsulukidze, I. Khokhashvili, L. Kutateladze, M. Jobava, T.Urushadze, R.Khvedelidze
Biodegratation of Mineral Oil by Microscopic Fungi
Presented by Member of the Academy G.Kvesitadze, December 31, 2003
ABSTRACT. The 4 strains of microscopic fungi with high detoxification ability Fusarium, Mucor, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger were selected by means of screening from the collection of microscopic fungi of S.Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. The best results were obtained in case of microscopic fungus Trichoderma viride. About 100 % of mineral oil was assimilated and degraded by this fungus, while the rest of the selected microscopc fungi assimilated about 70-80% of mineral oil. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Kay words: mineral oil, nutrition medium, spectrophotometry.
BIOCHEMISTRY
V.Ugrekhelidze
Effect of Cu+2 on Detoxification of Phenol and a-Naphthol in Lemna minor L.
Presented by Member of the Academy N.Nutsubidze, January 27, 2004
ABSTRACT. Aseptic culture of common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) absorbs and transforms water pollutants - phenol and a-naphthol. The most part of absorbed phenol and a-naphthol binds with proteins and low-molecular weight peptides, and small part is transformed via ring cleavage. The experimental fronds grown up in a medium, containing the nontoxic concentration of Cu+2 (100 mM concentration, which does not inhibit respiration and chlorophyll synthesis of fronds), transform these toxicants more actively, than the control fronds grown up in a medium containing 4 mM of Cu+2. In experimental fronds the activity of the polyphenol oxidase is higher, than in control ones. The labeled carbon atoms of phenol and a-naphthol mainly are localized in cytosol and chloroplasts. The participation of the polyphenol oxidase in detoxification of exogenous phenols is discussed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Lemna minor L., phenol, a-naphthol, detoxification, copper (2) ions
BIOCHEMISTRY
G. Gigolashvili, N. Amashukeli, T. Sadunishvili, M. Betsiashvili, N. Tsulukidze
Establishment of Cereal Cultures Interspecific Differences by the Method of Isoelectrofocusing
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, March 30, 2004
ABSTRACT. Comparative study of cereal seeds water soluble proteins by the method of isoelectrofocusing was carried out. By comparison of the obtained protein spectra it is possible to establish their relationship.
Analogous results are received in result of fractionation of esterase isoforms, isolated from seeds, using the method of isoelectric focusing.
Thus the efficiency of this method when establishing genetic similarity is shown. Besides, this method excludes a very laborious and long-term procedure of fractionation of storage proteins which is obligatory at electrophoresis. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key Words: isoelectric focusing, cereals seed protein, genetic diversity.
Biochemistry
E.Gamtsemlidze, G.Tsiklauri, K.Sulaberidze
Seasonal Variation of Flavonoles in Persimmon Leaves
Presented by Member of the Academy N.Nutsubidze, February 24, 2004
Abstract. We have studied seasonal variation of flavonoid compounds in the leaves of east and Caucasian persimmon. It has been established that maximal accumulation of the mentioned compounds occur in May-June when vital processes are intensive. By quantitative content of flavonoids the mentioned varieties don't differ from each other greatly and the regularity of their variability is identical. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Diospyros kaki, Diospyros lotus, flavonoids, quantitative determination.
BIOCHEMISTRY
R. Aplakov, V. Aplakov. E. Kirtadze
The Role of Wine Basic Components in Proline Biosynthesis during Secondary Alcoholic Fermentation
Presented by Member of the Academy G. Kvesitadze, March 16, 2004
ABSTRACT. The possible role of the wine basic organic acids and amino acids in proline biosynthesis has been studied. Using labelled compounds we have found that in the process of secondary alcoholic fermentation carbon atoms of acetic, pyroracemic, a-ketoglutaric, succinic acids, glycine and glutamic acid take a preferential part in forming the proline carbon skeleton. Proline obtained as a result of biotransformation of the studied sources was identified in the fractions of free amino acids and wine amino acids. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: proline, secondary alcoholic fermentation, organic acids, amino acids.
BIOCHEMISTRY
A.Shalashvili, N. Zambakhidze, I. Targamadze,
Corr. Member of the Academy D. Ugrekhelidze
Quantitative Changes of Phenolic Compounds and their Free Radical Scavenging Capacity at Ageing of Georgian White Wines
Presented March 16, 2004
ABSTRACT. Quantitative changes of phenolic compounds and their free redical scavenging capacity at ageing of Georgian white wines has been studied. For the 19-years period of ageing both quantity of catechins and proanthocyanidins, and free radical scavenging ability of wine considerably decreases. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: white wine, catechins, proanthocyanidins, radical scavenging efficiency, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
Z.Alavidze, A.Meipariani, M.Dzidzishvili, I.Chkonia, M.Goderdzishvili, N.Kvatadze, N.Makhatadze, D.Zhgenti, N.Dolidze
Application of a New Combined Preparation - "Mycoliz" in Gynecology
Presented by Member of the Academy T. Chanishvili, December 23, 2003
ABSTRACT. We have elaborated a combined preparation" Mycoliz" against the mixed fungous and microbial infections on the basis of bacteriophages and antifungal materials. Preparation is characterized by a high activity and it excludes the application of antibiotics against microbial infections. The components of antifungal materials determine the efficiency of the preparation when mixed infections occur.
In particular, it must be underlined, that such combined and a completely safe preparation is a progressive step in obstetrics, because candidiasis spread among pregnant women causes a great discomfort by its clinical exhibition and the effect of a set of preparations on the organism of mother as well as on fetus does not allow to use various therapeutic remedies (including antibiotics) during the pregnancy. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: bacteriophage, antifungous materials, bacterial and fungous associated infections, combined preparation "Mycoliz".
MICROBIOLOGY and Virology
K. Mamulashvili, Z. Lomtatidze
The Antagonistic Activity of some Actinomycetes from Kazbegi Region (Khevi) Towards the Phytopathogenic Bacteria
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy M. Gordeziani, March 30, 2004
ABSTRACT. Antagonism of actinomycetes, obtained from Kazbegi region soils, to phytopathogenic bacteria and the influence of nutrient medium on the latter has been studied for the purpose of application in agriculture. Different biological activity of the studied actinomycetes was determined, that may be used purposefully. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: antagonism, phytopathogenic bacteria, actinomycetes, CPI, Xanthomonas campestris, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pectobacterium aroideae.
ZOOLOGY
M. Murvanidze, T. Arabuli
Redescription of Chamobates kieviensis Shaldybina, 1980 (Acari, Oribatida, Chamobatidae) - a New Species for the Caucasus Fauna
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy I. Eliava, May 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. Within the faunal researches on the Gombori Range (East Georgia), a new taxon for Caucasus fauna - Chamobates kieviensis Shaldybina, 1980 has been found. The illustrative redescription of the new taxon is given. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Caucasus, Georgia, Oribatida, Chamobatidae.
Zoology
T. Gogmachadze
Comparative Morphometric Characterization of the Barbus tauricus escherichi Steindachner from the Kintrishi River
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy of Georgia J. Eliava, May 28, 2004
Abstract. The problem of protecting the Georgian ichthyic fauna is an urgent task before the ichthyologists. These tasks are connected with recording of the fish species residing in the inner reservoirs of Georgia, developing the issues of systematization, stock status and biology. These researches are primarily necessary for the less studied species of our inner reservoirs such as Kolkhic Barbel (Barbus tauricus escherichi Steind) subspecies of Crimean Barbel, one of the most important objects of science.
The present work deals with the research of some peculiarities, observed in the species of the Barbus tauricus escherichi Steind in the Kintrishi River.
Key words: Pecto-ventral distance, anti-dorsal distance, sub-yearling, branchiate stamen.
ZOOLOGY
B. Japoshvili
Some Issues of Embryonic Development of Vendace
(Coregonus albula L.) in Conditions of Paravani Lake
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy I. Eliava, June 14, 2004
ABSTRACT. The peculiarities of embryonic development of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) in conditions of Paravani Lake have been studied for the first time. The eight stages of embryonic development were singled out and the changes characteristic to each of them considered. The dimensions of spawn-corns, yolk and embryo are established. Different stages of embryonic development are illustrated with original photos. Conditions and methods of artificial fecundation are elaborated.
It has been stated that in conditions of Paravani Lake embryonic development of European vendace lasts 157-165 days. The effect of different factors on the embryonic development of Coregonus albula L. is studied. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: spawning, embryonic development, Coregonus albula L., Paravani Lake.
PARASITOLOGY AND HELMINTHOLOGY
G. Gugushvili, O. Gorgadze
Efficacy of the Nematodes Steinernema disparica (Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae) against Worms of Culex pipiens pipiens in Laboratory Conditions
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy I. Eliava, March 3, 2004
ABSTRACT. Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema disparica and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora have been tested against worms of mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens in water reservoirs of different depths (6, 20, and 60 mm). The 300 nematode samples were used against each mosquito worm. The maximum mortality rate of mosquito worms was achieved at low depths of water (from 6 to 20 mm), 100- 52.3 % respectively. The nematodes turned out to be less effective in deeper water reservoirs. As a result of invasion on average 3.5 specimens of immature nematodes were found in each mosquito worm. During the experiments water temperature was 20 oC. Efficacy of nematodes in water reservoirs turned out to be dependent on their direct contact with mosquito worms, quantity of nematodes and abiotic factors. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae, invasion, ectoparasite, polyphage, chemical method of control, biological method of control, Galleria mellonella, blood sucking insect, Culex pipiens pipiens.
Cytology
I.Megreladze, I.Jikia
Erythrocytes during Hyperlipoidemia Linked with Atherosclerosis
Presented by Member of the Academy T.Chanishvili, March 10, 2004
Abstract. We have examined blood erythrocytes in patients with atherosclerosis during hyperlipoidemia before treatment. Parallel with this, blood of practically healthy individuals (donors from blood transfusion institute who had no hyperlipoidemia) was studied. The obtained numerical indices were processed statistically. The criteria obtained by us make possible to follow the diagnostics of atherosclerosis. The alterations from the side of erythrocytes might be caused by antigen of nonspecific origin. The results of laboratory analysis are compared with clinical indices. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: erythrocytes , antigen, hyperlipoidemia
Experimental Medicine
V.Barbakadze
Prevalence of Hypertension in Georgian Urban and Rural Populations
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Kipshidze, June 6, 2004
Abstract. The study objective was to estimate awareness, treatment, and control rates for hypertension in Georgian urban and rural populations ³ 40 years old. We conducted a random population-based on Rapid Survey Method analysis of 539 participants of Tbilisi and Dusheti. In Tbilisi at the time of sampling high blood pressure (³ 140/90 mm Hg) was detected in 59.9% of persons and in Dusheti in 40.5%. Including those with history of high blood pressure, but at the sampling time having normal pressure, arterial hypertension was revealed in 70.8% in Tbilisi and in 57.1% in Dusheti. 86.4% of the all hypertensives were aware of having hypertension, 70.3% were treated and only 20.1% had their blood pressure controlled. High level of prevalence of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and overweight, refusal of aspirin use for CVD prevention, combined with heavy smoking and alcohol intake in men cause high rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Georgian population. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key Words: hypertension prevalence, awareness, control.
EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
G.Svanidze, T.Aleksishvili, G. Antelava, M.Baramia, M.Tskitishvili
Aspects of Differential Diagnosis of Nodular Goiter
Presented by Member of the Academy F. Todua. January 30, 2004
ABSTRACT. The role and efficiency of complex diagnostic methods of thyroid no-dules are reviewed in the article, the optimal diagnostic algorithm in case of nodular goiter has been worked out.
Data of 70 patients (55 females, 15 males; aged 25-70 years) were studied. Different examinations such as ultrasound, CT, thyroid scan, puncture biopsy, evaluation of thyroid hormones, morphological study were performed. The following diagnoses: colloid goiter in 26 patients (37.1 %), subacute thyroiditis - 12 (17.1 %), pappilary carcinoma - 16 (22.9 %), follicular carcinoma - 3 (4.3 %), thyroid cyst - 3 (4.3 %), thyrotoxic adenoma - 4 (5.7 %) were set. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: nodular goiter, ultrasound, thyroid scan, thyroid biopsy.
EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
E. Berberashvili-Guchua
The Role of Endogenous Digitalis-Like Substances Deficite in the Heart Failure Development
Presented by Member of the Academy V. Bakhutashvili, May 20, 2004
Abstract. The aim of the work was investigation of influence of endogenous peptide fraction isolated from myocardial ventricle and atrium, cardiac glycoside b-acetyldigoxin and inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) enalapril maleate on contractile protein system, on the ability of skinned myocardial fibers (SMF) to generate force in vitro and in vivo.
Myocardial peptide fraction obtained from ventricle in small doses (10-6-10-3 mg/ml) the ability of SMF to generate force increases but in high doses (1 and 3 mg/ml) decreases. In case of peptide fraction obtained from atrium the ability of SMF to generate force is depressed in vivo, as well as in vitro.
Under normal conditions in situ and in vitro b-acetyldigoxin produces a dose-dependent increase in force generated by SMF of intact heart. In contrast to the effect of b-acetyldigoxin efficiency of force generation by SMF from normal heart is not enhanced by enalapril, but markedly decreases. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: endogenous digitalis-like factor, cardiac glycoside, inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme, skinned myocardial fiber, heart failure.
Economics
L.Kokiauri
General Tendencies of Privatization in Georgia
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy L.Chikava, March 16, 2004
Abstract. In the present paper, we consider the main stages and scales of privatization conducted in Georgia. The following measures are proposed for further development of privatization: acceleration of the process of privatization, wide use of native and foreign capital, creation of special privatization fund. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: privatization, enterprise.
Economics
L. Mamulashvili
System of Enterprises, Formation and Principles
Presented by Member of the Academy L.Chikava , June 22, 2004
ABSTRACT. The necessity of formation and development of the system of entrepreneurship in the regions is grounded. Structures of financial and industrial complexes in different directions and various factors, influencing on formation of these structures, are considered. Economic connections of different types are analyzed. The ways and conditions providing simplicity and effectiveness of the activity of the system of entrepreneurship are suggested. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: system of entrepreneurship, financial and structural complexes, regional economics, regional market, cooperation ties.
Law
G. Davitashvili
The Meditorial Court in Khevsureti and Svaneti
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy Intskirveli, March 2, 2004
Abstract. The meditorial court is formed on that stage of development, when along with the vendetta the composition institution simultaneously enters. The existing of the meditorial court, based on the customary law was fixed in Khevsureti and Svaneti even at the end of the XX century. The main function of the meditorial court is the reconcilation of the sides called "Morvali" in Svaneti and "Rjuli" in Khevsureti. The meditorial court is not constantly working court institution. In each concrete case the sides by themselves define the members of the meditorial court. In Khevsureti and Svaneti the meditorial court considers only private disputes to reconcile the sides. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: customary law, meditorial court. "Rjuli", "Rjulis Katsebi", Morvali", the oath, "Andrezi", precedent.
Philology
N. Bagdavadze
The Symbol of Circumference in Emily Dickinson's Works
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G.Kvaratskhelia, March 16, 2004
Abstract. The article deals with the symbol of Circumference in Emily Dickinson's works. Among dozens of metaphors the most interesting and important is 'Circumference", the metaphor describing the activity of consciousness. Its literal meaning, as the boundary of a circle, has been expanded by Dickinson's special meaning into a sphere like the sun, radiating its light outward to infinity. She began with this rare use and expanded it into a symbol for all that is outside. Her center is the inquiring mind whose business is circumference, intent upon exploring the whole infinity of the universe that lies before her. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: circumference, metaphor.
Philology
M.Iamanidze
Medieval French Travel Literature
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G.Sharadze, April 21, 2004
ABSTRACT. The subject of travel literature has troubled traditional world outlook since Middle Ages. The travellers were describing the large territory of the World from the East to the West and different countries and peoples with different faiths and traditions. These writings became an object of great interest at once. Official reports and friendly letters sent by travellers and missioners from the foreign countries were being spread quickly as lightning among the people so desired to learn the world. Before the publishing house was created, travellers' compositions had been spread by copyists. Since 1469 the works have been already printed. The publishers were selecting stories of several travellers and published them in one collection. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: orient, travellers, travels, French literature.
HISTORY OF SCIENCE
Corr. Member of the Academy V.Tsitsishvili, N.Dolaberidze, M.Suladze, R.Tsiskarishvili, M.Gvelesiani
Beginning of the Research of Sorption Properties of Synthetic Zeolites in Georgia
Presented July 13, 2004
Abstract. From the 60's of the 20th century, studies of sorption properties of synthetic zeolites have been started in Georgia, at the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of the P.Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry of the Georgian Academy of Sciences and at the Subfaculty of Physical Chemistry of the I.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University under supervision of the Member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences G.Tsitsishvili. Statics and kinetics of sorption on A, X and Y types of synthetic zeolites were studied in 1960/65. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: synthetic zeolites, adsorption, sorbents.