MOAMBE
2004
Volume 170 number 3
Mathematics
Corr. Member of the Academy E. Nadaraya, R. Absava
Limit Distribution of Square Deviation of One Nonparametric Estimate of the Regression Function
Presented September 28, 2004
Abstract. Asymptotic distribution of the mean square deviation of the Gasser-Müller estimate of the regression curve is investigated. The hypothesis testing on the regression function is considered. The asymptotic behavior of the power of the proposed criteria under contiguous alternatives is studied. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: limit distribution, consistency, the power of criteria, contiguous alternatives.
MATHEMATICS
G. Gát, U. Goginava, G. Tkebuchava
Convergence in Measure of Logarithmic Means of d-dimensional Walsh-Fourier Series
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvli, May 25, 104
ABSTRACT. The main aim of this paper is to prove that the
logarithmic means of the
d-dimensional Walsh-Fourier series do not improve the convergence
in measure. In the other words, we prove that for any Orlicz space, which is not
a subspace of 
, the set of the functions with logarithmic means of the
d-dimensional Walsh-Fourier series convergent in measure is of
first Baire category.
© 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: d-dimensional Walsh-Fourier series, Orlicz space, convergence in measure.
MATHEMATICS
P. Babilua
Structure of an American Type Option Value Process in General One-Dimensional Diffusion Model
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy E. Nadaraya, June 1, 2004
ABSTRACT. The well known results obtained for the Black-Scholes model and American call and put options are extended for a general type one-dimensional diffusion model and also for general type convex value functions. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: American option, call, put, optimal stopping, Snell envelope.
MATHEMATICS
T. Kvirikashvili
Projective Geometries over the Modular Lattices
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Baladze, May 6, 2004
ABSTRACT. In the work there are studied factor-geometries of projective geometries on the rings, morphisms between them and their main properties. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: ring projective geometry, projective lattices, morphism, factor-geometry.
MATHEMATICS
Z. Melikidze
On Nonconvergence of Fourier-Haar Type Series of Bounded Functions on the Sets with Measure Zero
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, June 22, 2004
Abstract. It is proved that for every set E with m(E)=0 there exists a bounded measurable function, whose Fourier-Haar type series is nonconvergent on E. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Haar type wavelet, nonconvergence on the set with measure zero.
MATHEMATICS
O. Glonti, L. Jamburia, Z. Khechinashvili
The Minimal Entropy Martingale Measure in Trinomial Scheme with Disorder
Presented By Corr. Member of the Academy E. Nadaraya, June 29, 2004
Absract. In this paper we construct the minimal entropy martingale measure in trinomial scheme with disorder.
Key words: trinomial scheme, disorder, martingale measure, relative entropy.
Mathematics
G. Sirbiladze
On a Universal Representation-Interpretator of a Fuzzy Measure
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Vakhania, February 24, 2004
ABSTRACT. The problem of probability representation of a fuzzy measure is considered. In particular, a new representation-interpretator of the Murofushi-Sugeno type is proposed. Theorems on the existence of dual Choquet capacities of second order are proved in terms of this probability representation. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: fuzzy measure, probability representation of a fuzzy measure, Choquet capacity of second order, Choquet integral.
Mathematics
K. Bitsadze
On Divergence of Multiple Fourier-Walsh and Fourier-Haar Series of Bounded Function of Several Variables on Zero Measure Set
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, May 3, 2004
ABSTRACT. For arbitrary subset
E of measure zero of n-dimensional cube 
there exists a bounded measurable function
f given on 
such that the sequence of diagonal partial sums
of n -fold Fourier-Walsh series of
f diverges for every 
.
Analogous result is true for the Fourier-Haar series. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Fourier-Walsh, Fourier-Haar, diagonal partial sums.
Mathematics
Sh. Makharadze, A. Bakuridze
Complete Semigroups of Binary Relations, Defined by X-Semilattices of S2(X,5) class
Presented by Member of the Academy D. Baladze, December 30, 2003
Abstracts. Idempotent elements and maximal subgroups of semigroups of one of complete
semigroups of binary relations are studied in the work. Formulas for computation of number of elements in class
X and formulas for computation of number of idempatent elements of considered semigroups are found
S2(X,5) when X is final set.
© 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: idempotent elements, semigroups, semilattices.
MATHEMATICS
R. Getsadze
On Divergence in Measure of Sequences of Superlinear Operators in Classes Lj(L)
Presented by Member of the Academy L. Zhizhiashvili, July 6, 2004
ABSTRACT. We establish some general theorems for a wide class of sequences of superlinear
operators 
on existence of a function
g from a certain class Lj(L) such that the sequence
of functions {Tn(g),
n=1,2,...} is not bounded in measure. These theorems imply several results about divergence
for classical operators with respect to general and classical orthonormal systems.
© 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: superlinear operators, divergence in measure.
Cybernetics
V. Mdzinarishvili
General Method of Solution of Evolutionary Equations
Presented by Member of the Academy V. Chavchanidze, February 10, 2003
Abstract. General solution of equation Karteveg-de Vriz, Kadomtsev-Petviashvili, as well as the equation of a posteriori density have been obtained. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: solution, hyperbolic, evolutionary equations.
Cybernetics
K. Odisharia, A. Shonia, O. Shonia
Conceptual Model of State System and Subsystems Security
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A. Pragishvili, November 9, 2004
Abstract. The conception of planning of State, society and personal security provision is proposed. It is shown that the process of State security provision is a dynamic process and this should necessarily be considered on the stages of planning and realization. The strategy of determination of the resources needed for State security provision in case of limited budget is proposed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: state security, safety planning.
CYBERNETICS
N. Nanobashvili, N. Jikia
To the Question of Local Invariance in Representing Information
on the Code Network
Presented by Member of the Academy V. Chavchanidze, May 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. The problem of local invariance is considered in the context of image coding and information compression. Criteria and properties of code fragments are obtained, which allow us to classify them into separate classes and recognize them automatically on computers. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: image coding and compression, invariance, normalized resultant (compressed) vector.
CYBERNETICS
T. Matcharashvili, N. Jibladze, T. Kavrelishvili, T. Tsertsvadze, V. Ubilava
Recurrence Plot Based Analysis of Dynamics of Georgian Lari/US Dollar Exchange Rate Variation
Presented by Member of the Academy M. Salukvadze, June 29, 2004
Abstract. In the present study dynamics of variation of Georgian Lari/US Dollar exchange rate for the last 4 years has been analysed. In order to reveal hidden dynamical patterns of complex financial time series we have used recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) method.
It was established that variation of Georgian Lari/US Dollar exchange rate for analysed time period represents mixed dynamics containing low dimensional deterministic components. It was also shown that impact of these deterministic components in general Georgian Lari/US Dollar exchange rate dynamics vary with about one year periodicity. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: non-linear dynamics, recurrence, economics, exchange rate.
Cybernetics
Zh. Gogiashvili, O. Namicheishvili, G. Shonia
Cyclic Adaptation of Threshold Elements
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A.Prangishvili, June 11, 2004
Abstract. Theory of cyclic adaptation without feedback at threshold reservation of binary channels used for transformation of the obtained in physical experiments information is reported in the article.
In the first case a number of errors in a channel (i.e. threshold element entry) revealed in the adaptation cycle for some quantity of comparisons of generated by signal with response of the correct answer from outside gives the evaluation of error's probability on the entry, which is then used for defining (adaptation) the weight of the corresponding channel. Constructive method of the choice of the necessary in the adaptation cycle quantity of observations is suggested. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: feedback, cyclic adaptation, threshold element.
Physics
A. Guldamashvili
High Performances of Thermionic Energy Converters with Oxygen Ion-Implanted Collectors
Presented by Member of the Academy N.Tsintsadze, May 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. The prospects of the use of oxygen ion-implanted poly- and monocrystalline refractory metals with high emission and adsorption features as electrode materials for thermionic converters of thermal energy into electric for the improvement of the converter efficiency is shown. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: ion implantation, electrode, emission, termionic, converters, parameters.
Physics
M. Metskhvarishvili, I. Metskhvarishvili, L. Khorbaladze, T. Bedoidze
Low Field High Harmonic Response and Fundamental Susceptibility of Polycrystalline High Temperature Superconductor
Presented by Member of the Academy T. Sanadze, May 25, 2004
Abstract. We have studied the behavior of the fundamental ac susceptibilities and harmonics in weak magnetic fields for YBaCuO high-temperature superconductor. The dependence of fundamental ac susceptibility and high harmonics on low ac field is measured. These experimental results are in good coincidence with theoretical. The dependence of c3 and c5 harmonics on H is measured for fixed small ac fields when of h<<H. A model of quadratic critical state is used to explain the nonlinear magnetic response in Josephson junctions. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: ac susceptibility, high harmonics, polycrystalline superconductor, critical state model.
PHYSICS
G. Kervalishvili, I. Javakhishvili, J. Javakhishvili
Diocotron Instability in Discharge, in the Magnetron Geometry with Thin Cathode, when Anode Axis Is Not Parallel to the Magnetic Field
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Tsintsadze, June 29, 2004
ABSTRACT. The influence of the magnetic field not parallel to the anode surface on the value of
electron density, at which l=1 diocotron instability is arising, has been studied theoretically in the nonneutral
gas-discharge electron plasma, in the magnetron geometry with thin cathode (
). It is shown that the width of unstable region is narrowing with the increase of non-parallelism.
© 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: nonneutral plasmas, diocotron instability, penning discharge.
Physics
S. Gotoshia
Laser Photoluminescence of GaxAl1-xP Epitaxial Films
Presented by Member of the Academy T. Sanadze, June 29, 2004
Abstract. We have studied photoluminescence in epitaxial films of various types of GaxAl1-xP by laser excitation. All the three types: undoped, tellurium-doped of n-type and zinc-doped of p-type films show green luminescence of various intensies. Green luminescence peak energy alters linearly according to composition. We have revealed that green luminescence intensity decreases by adding tellurium or zinc ligature and at the same time red luminescence is originated and peaks corresponding to it almost do not alter according to composition. The mechanism causing green luminescence is recombination of donor-acceptor pairs. As the mechanism causing red luminescence we consider various types of defects formed during technological processes. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Laser spectroscopy, photoluminescence, semiconductor films.
Physics
N. Papuashvili, V. Kortkhondjia, K. Ioseliani, R. Salukvadze
Particle Acceleration by Relativistic Solitary Electron-Positron Structures in Plasma with Arbitrary Strong Magnetic Field
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Tsintsadze, July 14, 2004
ABSTRACT. The particle acceleration by relativistic solitary wave is studied in electron-positron plasma embedded in an external magnetic field. It is shown that one-dimensional purely electromagnetic solitary pulse is capable to accelerate thermal test particles. The increase of the particle energy does not alter the resonance condition due to the appearance of the self-resonance. The dissipation effects connected with particle radiation lead to the shock wave structure. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: plasma, soliton, positron, acceleration.
Physics
G. Dzamukashvili, M. Magrakvelidze, Yu. Papava
Possibility of Resonance in Spatial Motion of Electrons in
GaAs/Ga 1-x AlxAs-Type Classic Superlattices
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy T.Sanadzem July 6, 2004
ABSTRACT. The problem of distribution of electrons in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs _type materials is studied and the conditions upon which additional resonance frequency can be integrated into the electron system through the periodic spatial motion are investigated. The existence of this frequency is conditioned by the electrons motion in the lower resistance areas of superlattices and reflection by the potential barrier walls. In particular, if the active layer is placed within the interval of d»0.1¸1mm, then the resonance frequency can appear in the submillimeter area. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: submillimeter, superlattice, distribution function, terahertz.
Physics
J. Mebonia, P. Saralidze, K. Sulakadze
Unitary Approach to Four-Particle Elastic Scattering
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A. Khelashvili, September 11, 2004
Abstract. The way of generalization of approximate three-particle unitary theoretic approach for investigation of four-particle elastic scattering is suggested. Concrete estimations for p-3He scattering have been conducted. Concrete comparisons of the obtained results with experimental data show that approximate methods based on fundamental physical principles can be spread on more complicated processes. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: scattering, unitarity, generalization.
GEOPHYSICS
N. Ghurtskaia, Z. Kereselidze
On the Formation of Magnetic Barrier in Terms of Approximation of Premagnetospheric Stagnation Zone
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy T. Chelidze, May 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. The cause of the formation of a magnetic barrier in the magnetosheath is the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) intensity growth due to the specific behavior of the MHD of the solar wind plasma flow near the critical point of the magnetosphere. It is shown that using a model of the stagnation zone in front of the
magnetosphere makes it possible to determine specific linear scales of the magnetic barrier as well as of the stagnation line on the magnetopause used to remove the divergence occurring near the critical point in case of MHD of the flow around blunt bodies. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: solar wind, magnetosphere, magnetosheath, critical point, stagnation zone.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
G. Gordadze, V. Kveselava, G. Agladze, N. Kiria
The Flowing Reactor for Electrosynthesis of Potassium Permanganate from Manganate
Presented by Member of the Academy J. Japaridze, May 25, 2004
ABSTRACT. The reactor for potassium permanganate electrosynthesis represents multiple cells with circular cross-section. The cells are interconnected with pipes made of dielectric material to support the passage of the solution. The method of maintaining an average velocity of electrolyte flow in each cell has been elaborated. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: electrosynthesis of potassium permanganate, multicell flowing reactor with circular cross-section, average velocity of electrolyte flow, hydraulic resistance, connecting pipes.
Organic Chemistry
Corr. Member of the Academy Sh. Samsoniya, M. Menteshashvili,
A. Shalashvili, B.Todadze
Mandarin (Citrus uncshiu Marc.) Peel as New Source for Obtaining Sweet Dihydrochalcon
Presented June 29, 2004
Abstract. Sweet substance hesperitin 4'-b-D-glucoside that is 300 times sweeter than sucrose was obtained from P vitamin from mandarin (Citrus uncshiu Marc.). © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: P vitamin from citrus, sweet hesperetin dihydrochalcone 4¢-b-D-glycoside.
Physical Chemistry
A. Nadiradze, Corr. Member of the Academy I. Baratashvili, K. Ukleba, K. Nadiradze
Calculation Method of Standard Enthalpy of Formation of Ternary Oxides
Presented May 3, 2004
Abstract. A new calculation method of standard enthalpy of formation (DHS298) of ternary oxides from simple oxides has been worked out. The suggested method on the basis of easily accessible initial data ensures to calculate (DHS298) of ternary oxides with the satisfactory accuracy and correctly define its sign. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: standard enthalpy of formation, ternary oxides, method, equation.
Physical Chemistry
M. Chumbadze, D. Bagdavadze, Member of the Academy G. Gvelesiani, G. Dgebuadze
Thermodynamic Analysis of Heating MnO2 and Silicothermal Reducation of MnO
Presented July 13, 2002
Abstract. In the present paper we report on complete thermodynamic analysis of heating MnO2 in argon and in the mixture of argon with oxygen as well as sylicothermic reduction of MnO using the program ASTRA-4. Calculations are done at general atmospheric pressure within the temperature range of 300-3000 K with step 50º. The main results are presented in the form of diagram (dependence of components content on
temperature and extraction of manganese). © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: oxide, complete thermodynamic analysis, and temperature.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
L. Chkhartishvili, D. Gabunia, O. Tsagareishvili, V. Metreveli
Estimation of Isotopic Composition Effect on Substance Melting Temperature
Presented by Member of the Academy G. Gvelesiani October 12, 2004
Abstract. Within the generalized Einstein approach including second-order quantum corrections the melting temperature is predicted to be a decreasing (increasing) function of lighter (heavier) isotope partial concentration in substance. The numerical estimates lead to the conclusion that for refractory substances with significant isotopic mass differences the isotopic spread of melting temperatures would be tens of K. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: isotopic effect, melting temperature.
Pharmaceutical chemistry
Member of the Academy E. Kemertelidze, K. Shalashvili
Chemical Composition and Pharmacological
Activity of Rhododendron ungernii
Presented April 20, 2004
Abstract. Chemical composition of phenolic compounds from the leaves of Rhododendron ungernii was studied. "Rodopes" _ a new anti-herpes remedy in the form of ointment has been worked out. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Rhododendron ungernii Trautv., flavonols, catechins, antiviral activity.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
L. Tsiklauri, L. Delattre, C. Tuleu
Rheological Investigation of Fatsiflogin Substance and Technology of Tablets Design
Presented by Member of the Academy E. Kemertelidze, March 9, 2004
ABSTRACT. The rheological properties of the substance of anti-rheumatic preparation Fatsiflogin, containing a complex of triterpene glycosides from the leaves of Fatsia japonica, were studied. The optimal composition and technology of tablets have been designed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: triterpene glycoside, DPB, flowabiliy, compressibility, direct compression, tablets.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
V. Barbakadze, K. Mulkijanyan
Structure of Glucomannan from Bulbs of Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke (Amaryllidaceae)
Presented by Member of the Academy E.Kemertelidze, June 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. Hot water extraction of bulbs of Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke Amaryllidaceae
followed by amylolysis (to remove a starch), chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (to remove an acidic arabinogalactan) and elimination of fructan by mild acid hydrolysis afforded an acetylated glucomannan containing D-mannose and D-glucose at a ratio 4:1. According to the ¹³C NMR spectral data the polysaccharide molecules have a linear backbone built up of 1®4-linked ß-D-mannopyranose and b-D-glucopyranose residues. The acetyl groups occupy positions 6 of, probably, both monosaccharide residues as well as position 2 of b-D-mannopyranose residues. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: glucomannan, polysaccharide, Galanthus platyphyllus.
Hydrogeology
I. Mikadze
Hydrogeological Principles of Division into Districts of Irrigated and Drained Massifs of Georgia
Presented by Member of the Academy Ts. Mirtskhoulava, June 22, 2004
ABSTRACT. A new scheme of hydrogeology-meliorative division into districts of irrigated and drained massifs has been developed. By this scheme the maps of hydrogeology-meliorative division into districts of irrigated and drained massifs of Georgia are composed. According to new scheme of hydrogeology-meliorative division into districts within the boundaries of Georgia there are identified: Kolkheti damp subtropical region, Iveria moderately damp and dry subtropical region, region of the southern slope of Trialeti range, a low-foothill subregion of mountain area of Small Caucasus and Iaskheti subregion of the Meskhet-Javakheti volcanic area. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Kolkheti, land improvement, pressure waters, horizon, irrigation, drainage.
Petrology
K. Akimidze
New Data on Late Pliensbachian-Early Toarcian Basaltic Volcanism in the Riverhead of Alazani
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy N.Skhirtladze, June 29, 2004
Abstract. An important pyritic copper-polymetallic deposit was found in the second half of the last century in slate suits of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. It has been established that Late Pliensbachian-Early Toarcian basaltic volcanism represents the source of contemporary helio-sulphide masses. The mentioned volcanism in the form of lava sheet and alternation of aleuro-pelitic slates has been revealed by the author in the headwaters of the river Alazani. The questions of lithology, stratigraphy and structure of this volcanogenic-sedimentary complex have been discussed in the present paper. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: stratigraphy, tectonics, magmatism, lava, welded tuff, lava breccia, extension, lava breccia, pillow lava.
Petrology
A. Makharadze
On Paleogene Magmatism of Young Folded Systems of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy D. Shengelia, January 20, 2004
Abstract. In young folded systems of Iran Paleogene magmatism has been revealed in the Eocene. It is represented with pyroclastolioles and hypabyssal bodies (microgabbro, diabase, basalt, andesite, dacite). Lavas and diorites of the average composition are also found. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Iran, Paleogene, Eocene, magmatism, pyroclastolite, hypabyssal body, lava, diorite.
Structural Mechanics
L. Kajaia
Solution of Jointly Fastened Trapezium Form Plate Bending Problem Using the Theory of Functions of Complex Variables
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy R. Bantsuri, May 27, 2004
Abstract. Using the theory of functions of complex variables we have obtained the formulas determining stressed deformation state in case of thin plate bending with trapezium form jointly fastened. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: isotropic body, analytical function, conformal transformation.
MACHINE BUILDING SCIENCE
A. Manjavidze, O. Margvelashvili, A. Nozadze, T. Khukhuni
Fundamentals of the Calculations of Rotor Martensite Engine
Presented by Member of the Academy R. Adamia, April 27, 2004
ABSTRACT. The equations are presented for determination of starting length of the working element and for calculations of velocity characteristics of martensite engine with nitinol spring. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: martensite rotor engine, nitinol spring, velocity characteristics.
Machine Building Science
I. Khatiskatsi
Position Problems Solution with Topological Space Transformations
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy A. Prangishvili, June 11, 2004
Abstract. One of the widest groups of problems of discriptive geometry solved by means of topological transformations is introduced in the article. Graphic apparatus of the task is suggested. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: space transformation, position problem.
HYDRAULICS
J. Kadaria, G. Chighladze
Periodical Waves of Motion of the High Concentration Suspended Sediment Clusters Penetrating into the Channel through the Intake
Presented by Member of the Academy O. Natishvili, September 27, 2004
ABSTRACT. The paper deals with the issue concerning the increased turbidity periodical wave penetration from the river into the channel through the intake during the river floods. It takes place at once after the passage of the first single wave with sharply increased concentration of suspended sediment. The relationship, which determines the reduction amplitude of turbidity concentration along the channel is obtained. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: periodical waves, suspended sediment, turbidity concentration.
Botany
E. Baiashvili
To the Phylogenetic Study of the Genus Prunus
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, May 25, 2004
ABSTRACT. The paper presents the assumption on possible ways of an origin of representative of the genus Prunus elaborated on the basis of complex intraspecific study within the genus. The polyploid forms (2n=48) of alycha (tkemali) and blackthorn revealed in the genus Prunus as a result of our investigations allow to suppose that some varieties of the cultivated plum have been evolved from these plyploid forms in the way of alloautopolyploidy. The existence of natural hybrid of alycha´blackthorn, with 2n=48 corroborated once again Rybin's idea on the formation of cultivated plum in this way. At the same time the discovery of 2n=48 chromosome natural hybrids of the genus Prunus in the Caucasus, particulaly in Georgia, allows us to acknowledge the Caucasus to be its native land. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: hybridization, polyploidy, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus spinosa, Prunus domestica.
Botany
A. Jorjadze
Systematic Analysis of Macrofungi of Algeti State Reserve (East Georgia)
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, June 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. As a result of systematic studies in Algeti State Reserve there are found 320 species of macrofungi. Among the found fungi 2 genera and 35 species are new for the mycobiota of Georgia. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Georgia, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, New record of macrofungi.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
E. Chkhubianishvili, L. Kobakhidze, N. Razmadze, G. Badridze
Influence of Supplementary UV Radiation on the Content of Total Proteins in Leaves and Productivity of Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Castorbean (Ricinus communis L.)
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, June 29, 2004
ABSTRACT. The content of total proteins in leaves and productivity of pea (Cicer arietinum L.) and red and green leaved forms of castorbean (Ricinus communis L.), which were irradiated using the supplementary UV radiation during two vegetative periods, also the post radiaton effect in the first generation of once irradiated plants has been studied. According to the obtained data it may be concluded that the supplementary UV radiation influences the biosynthesis of proteins and productivity in plants and the effect depends on the regimen of radiation and the experimental object. The post effect of UV irradiation was expressed in repair of the changed indices and in some cases the activation of the process. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: total proteins, productivity, supplementary UV radiation, pea, castorbean.
Genetics and Selection
T. Girgvliani
Diversity of Upper Svanetian Aboriginal Forms of Wheat
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy G. Nakhutsrishvili, June 8, 2004
ABSTRACT. Here we give a short characteriation of aboriginal forms of hard and soft wheat, growing in Upper Svaneti. The role of high mountain conditions in the forming of local stable varieties of wheat is outlined. There is concluded that the process of form evolving is still continuing. The necessity of attention to aboriginal varieties of Georgian wheat is proven. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: wheat, form evolving, high mountains, Svaneti.
GENETICS AND SELECTION
M. Koridze
Peculiarities and Frequency of Variation in Spontaneous and Induced Mutants of Kovano Vace Mandarin
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy V. Papunidze, September 21, 2004
ABSTRACT. Investigation of some biological and economic characteristics in vegetative populations of mandarin Kovano Vace has shown that the variations induced by natural or artificial factors have not definite direction. Spontaneous and induced mutants of mandarin Kovano Vace are characterized by great diversity of economic properties. Study of mutant forms distinguished by heavy yield, early ripening, big size of fruit and other properties seems to be very important from the viewpoint of genetics and selection. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: mandarin, natural mutant, induced mutant, variation frequency.
Human and animal physiology
T. Gotsadze, Z. Nanobashvili
Involvement of Thalamic Reticular Nucleus in Development of Status Epilepticus Induced by Hippocampal Stimulation
Presented by Member of the Academy T.Oniani, May 18, 2004
ABSTRACT. Involvement of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) in development of the status epilepticus induced by electrical stimulation of hippocampus was studied in chronic experiments in male Wistar rats. The model of self-sustaining status epilepticus was implemented in the experiments. It was found that activation of TRN suppresses generalization process of high intensity seizure activity, which putatively is determined by postsynaptic potentiation of the GABA-ergic neurons inhibiting the seizures. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: thalamic reticular nucleus, hippocampus, status epilepticus.
Biophysics
N. Metreveli, K. Jariashvili, L. Namicheishvili, G. Mrevlishvili
Subdenaturational Heat-Absorption in Water Solutions of Collagen under Various Factors
Presented by Member of the Academy M. Zaalishvili, May 11 2004
ABSTRACT. In the reported work is considered a question concerning the influence of various factors (neutral salts, different oxidants) on collagen. We mean subdenaturational heat-absorption, which takes place even upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of collagen. It is shown, that the nature of subdenaturational heat-absorption appearing under the influence of various internal factors, is different. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: collagen, UV irradiation, neutral salts, subdenaturational heat-absorption.
Biochemistry
T. Urushadze, R. Khvedelidze, A. Berulava, N. Sabashvili
Study of Thermal Stability of Cellulase Preparations from Thermophilic Microorganisms
Presented by Member of the Academy G. Kvesitadze, December 29, 2003
ABSTRACT. Selection of strains on cellulase thermal stability was carried out by the definition of CMC cellulose, according to the filter paper hydrolysis and the definition of activity of individual components of cellulose complex -endoglucanase, by the selective viscosimetry technique. The time of the enzyme half life was defined as the simplified indicator of thermal stability. It was shown that Asp. wentii, Asp. versicolor, Sp. pulverulentum produce most thermally stable cellulases. Half _ life period according to endoglucanase activity (remaining 50 % activity) equals: for A. wentii _ 180 min, A. versicolor - 250 min, Sp. pulverulentum - 100 min. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: thermal inactivation, thermal stability, endoglucanase, cellulose.
Biochemistry
E. Gamtsemlidze, A. Shalashvili, G. Tsiklauri
Flavonols in the Leaves of Eastern Diospyros kaki
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, January 27, 2004
Abstract. Flavonols in leaves of the eastern Diospyros kaki cultivated in Georgia have been studied. Using chromatographic method on polyamide column kaempferol-3 glucoside (astragalin) and quercetin-3-glucoside (isoquercetin) were isolated and identified. Their identification was performed by Uv spectroscopy and physicochemical methods. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: flavonols, Diospyros kaki.
Biochemistry
R. Aplakov, V. Aplakov, E. Kirtadze
Biotransformation of Succinic Acid during Secondary Alcoholic Fermentation
Presented by Member of the Academy G. Kvesitadze, June 1, 2004
ABSTRACT. The main peculiarities of assimilation and conversion of different carbon atoms of succinic acid by yeasts in the champagnization process were revealed. Different carbon atoms of succinic acid were shown to participate in the synthesis of yeast biomass and basic wine components. The major part of radioactivity of succinate introduced into the fermentation medium was identified in the wine organic acids, amidst which the principal ones were those of the Krebs cycle _ malic, fumaric and citric acids. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: succinic acid, yeast, secondary alcoholic fermentation, organic acids, amino acids.
BIOCHEMISTRY
K. Jibladze
Intra-Subject Connections and their Importance in Learning the Carbohydrate Metabolism Topic
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy N. Aleksidze, May 21, 2004
ABSTRACT. Consideration of intra-subject connections is highly important fo the development of the cognitive interests, capacities, and logical thinking in high schod students, for better understanding and consolidation of a new material on the basis of fundamental knowledge, and for activation of independent work. Therefore these connections should be implemented frequently and strictly targeted. We have developed the exemplary working schemes for teaching biochemistry, with consideration of intra-subject relations. Using these schemes deepens the students' knowledge and plays an important role in upbringing of modern, highly qualified specialists. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: education, biochemistry, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, students.
Biochemistry
L. Beriashvili, R. Gakhokidze, T. Beriashvili
Metabolic Relationship of Glycolic Acid and Krebs Cycle Acids in Plants
Presented by Corr. Member of the Academy D. Jokhadze, June 1, 2004
Abstract. Experiments carried out on seadlings of C3 and C4 plants show that the relationship between glycolic acid and Krebs cycle acids occurs actively. Peculiarities of metabolic relationship in C3 and C4 plants are observed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: photosynthesis, 14CO2, 114C-glycolic acid, C3 and C4 plants.
BIOCHEMISTRY
M. Akhvlediani, M. Emukhvari, M. Martiashvili
Relation between Interleukins and some Characteristics of Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Lesion
Presented by Member of the Academy F. Todua, October 11, 2004
ABSTRACT. Hemodynamically significant stenosis of carotid arteries (CA) was diagnosed in 97 patients studied; no neurologic symptoms existed and discirculatory encephalopathy was observed Having evaluated proinflammatory interleukins (IL-1band IL-6), it appeared that, though in asymptomatic CA stenosis IL-1b and IL-6 concentrations against the appropriate control value increased, it remained within the normal limits. In discircuatory encephalopathy the interleukin activation was increased. Proceeding from the study of the correlation between CA stenosis, intima media thickness and proinflammatory interleukins, the correlation appeared to be significant and positive.
© 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: interleukin, atherosclerosis, intima-media thickness.
Biochemistry
Ch. Totochava, A. Kalandiya, M. Vanidze, R. Bagrationi
Volatile Complex of Various Cultivars of Actinidia deliciosa
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze, Octomber 21, 2003
Abstract. The volatile complex of various cultivars of actinidia (Actinidia deliciosa) has been studied. The volatile complex has been established to contain more than a hundred components. Volatile complex the actinidia fruit undergoes significant quantitative changes duing vegetation. For instance, ethyl butanoat content increases, and there is a big reduction of the hexanol-2 content during fruit repening. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: cultivars, volatile complex, component change.
Microbiology and Virology
N. Khurtsilava, Z. Lomtatidze, I. Gorozia
Studying of the Antagonism of Some Species and their Morphological Variants of the Genus Streptomyces
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy D.Ugrekhelidze, March 30, 2004
Abstract. The antagonism of Streptomyces albogriseolus, Streptomyces levoris, Streptomyces violaceus and their morphological variants, formed during the natural variation have been studied. It was established, that the new
morphological variants are antagonistic to each other and to the initial strain. Relations between the variability of some morphological features and culture antagonism were revealed. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Streptomyces, morphological variants, antagonistic activity.
Microbiology and Virology
L. Basilashvili, M. Kikvidze, M. Bagalishvili, Member of the Academy N. Nutsubidze
Influence of Azospirillum on Nitrogen Supply in Setaria italica
Presented June 22, 2004
Abstract. The effect of different strains of Azospirillum brasilinse on growth and development of 5 varieties of Setaria italica as well as on nitrogen supply in laboratory and greenhouse conditions has been studied. It was established that inoculation with Azospirillum is of double-sided effect in plants: it increases plant biomass and the same time it promotes nitrogen supply in result of associative nitrogen fixation. It was shown that different strains of Azospirillum specifically act in the system plant- Azospirillum and the plant dominates in this association. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Azospirillum brasilinse, nitrogen fixation, Setaria italica.
Microbiology And Virology
M. Elizbarashvili, M. Darsavelidze, Member of the Academy T. Chanishvili,
T. Suladze, M. Dvalishvili
Study of Mircrobiocenosis of Intestine in Adults
Presented June 22, 2004
ABSTRACT. In order to study the structure of microbiocenosis in adults, a total of 287 clinical samples have been investigated. Dysbiotic disorders of enteric microflora are characterized with the presence of conditionally-pathogenic bacteria in about 857 of adults. Leading position is held by hemolytic E.coli; Klebsiella spp, S. aureus. In most cases hemolytic E.coli and Klebsiella were found in humans aged over 60, which makes a main risk group. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: dysbacteriosis; bacteria, fungi.
Cytology
Member of the Academy S. Khechinashvili, N. Vashakidze
Ultrastructural Peculiarities of Formed Elements of Blood during Chronic Streptococcus Tonsillitis of Different Severity
Presented May 25, 2004
Abstract. The analysis of the examination data has shown the differences in red and white formed elements of blood from the side of thrombocytes during chronic streptococcus tonsillitis of various severities compared with control. In decompencated forms this difference is expressed more clearly. At the same time more sharp changes are marked from the side of neutrophils and thrombocytes. This concerns not only their ultrastructural features but their structural character too (neutrophils diameter, their alteration, adhesion between thrombocytes and neutrophills, etc.). The character of the changes is associated with the existence of agent in the organism, particularly in palatine tonsils. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: chronic tonsillitis, formed elements of blood, ultrastructural data.
Experimental Morphology
N. Chipashvili, Z. Tsagareli
Structure of Adrenal Cortex Zona Fasciculata in Rats of Different Age under the Influence of Hypobaric Hypoxia
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Javakhishvili, May 3, 2004
Abstract. The glandular cells and ultrastructure of capillaries in adrenal cortex were investigated in adults (8-12 months) and first period of the old age (24-32 months) male rats (n=120) _ under acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia administration in barocamera. The exposure time was 4 hours. The data of experiments revealed the changes conditioned by age. Adrenocorticocytes of the young animals respond with the hypertrophy of steroid synthesis controller structures and their previous granules, with increased exocytosis and vacuoles extrusion, intensive fenestration of capillar endothelium and transportive function. In old animals, changes in the adrenal gland have destructive-dystrophic character, with slightly expressed compensation reactions, caused by the low adaptation and regulation processes characterized to the old age period. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: rat`s adrenal cortex, ultrastructure, hypobaric hypoxia.
Experimental Medicine
U. Gabunia, M. Adamia
Morphological Peculiarities of Bone Tissue of Middle Ear in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Mesotympanitis
Presented by Member of the Academy N. Javakhishvili, October 10, 2004
Abstract. Bone tissue of the "bridge" above aditus and the walls of antrum have been examined through morphological methods in 100 patients operated on due to chronic suppurative mesotympanitis (CSM). Histological, histochemical and electro-microscopic methods have been used. Quite polymorphic alterations have been found. Characteristic alterations in 42 patients were destruction of the bone tissue surrounded by osteoclasts and inflammatory infiltration, a picture characteristic for ostitis. Abundant accumulation of acidic glucoseaminoglucans in necrotically-altered hearths of bone tissue and along the edges of caries-altered bone has been observed. In addition to destructive alterations of bone tissue, a picture characteristic for osteogenesis with the formation of osteoid tissue with mosaic build-up was found in 30 patients. The decrease in the number of osteocytes in the area of development of inflammation process was observed in 8 cases (from 72) bone fragments surrounded by immature connecting tissue infiltrated by leukocytes were seen from the side of endost. We did not find any pathological alterations of bone tissue in the examined structures in 28 cases. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: caries, osteomyelitis, osteoclast, osteoid tissue.
Experimental Medicine
G. Tsagareishvili
Comprasion of Efficiency of Two Starting Doses of Recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone for Ovarian Stimulation in Patients for in-vitro Fertilization
Presented by Member of the Academy V. Bakhutashvili, September 7, 2004
ABSTRACT. The aim of our study was to compare two starting doses of the recombinant FSH (r-FSH, Gonal-F) in stimulation protocols according to the parameters of folliculo-oogenesis and oogenesis in IVF-ET program. In randomized, prospective study 43 women with 59 stimulation cycles were enrolled. They were allot in the regimens: in I regimen 24 women in 32 cycles in the first 5 days of stimulation received r-FSH in doses of 150 IU, in II regimen - 19 women in 27 cycles - 227 IU/day. GnRH long protocol (Diphereline 3.75 mg) was used after down-regulation of hypophysis. The results showed that relatively low doses of r-FSH for ovarian stimulation were optimal for folliculo-oogenesis. In addition, they were associated with increased frequency of fertilization, implantation and progressive pregnancies, decreased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The price of IVF-ET was decreased too. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: IVF, multiple follicular development, recombinant FSH, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Philology
T. Gogoladze
Georgian Realist Love Lyrics
(the 2nd half of the 19th Century)
Presented by Member of the Academy, E. Khintibidze, May 22, 2004
Abstract. From the second half of the 19th century, along with the establishment of critical realism, a new stage starts in the development of Georgian love lyrics. This process has been specifically marked in the poetry of the so-called `Tergdaleulebi' (the Georgian social thinkers of the 1860s, who after having studied in Russia introduced some progressive democratic ideas into Georgia upon return). The imperative that the country's interests should be put in the forefront has ascribed a secondary role to the expression of the human intimate feelings in lyrics, attaching importance to love poems of only high artistic craftsmanship. From the 1880s Georgian love lyrics starts developing with a qualitatively different characteristics linked with the name of Vazha-Pshavela. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: critical realism, the `Tergdaleulebi', love poem.
Philology
N. Vakhania
"Innocent Blood" by Al. Orbeliani
Presented by Member of the Academy G.Tsitsishvili, November 14, 2004
Abstract. The text of the novel "Innocent Blood" by has been analyzed. A Georgian romantic writer of the 19th century Aleksandre Orbeliani (1802-1869) describes one of the episodes of the tragic history in Georgia. Historical fact, put in the basis of the novel, the true story of which arises many questions among Georgian writers and historians, has not been still completely identified.
"Innocent Blood" is one of the most interesting creations of Al. Orbeliani satiated with true love to his own country and faith. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Aleksandre Orbeliani, Shah-Tamaz, national self-consciousness, faith.
Psychology
I. Gogebashvili, K. Nemsadze, E. Sichinava, T. Tevdorashvili
Prematurity Problems Connected with Retardation of Physical and Mental Development
Presented by Member of the Academy Sh. Nadirashvili, June 22, 2004
Abstract. We have examined premature infants using the methods of clinical, paraclinical, instrumental and laboratory analysis. A parallel is drawn between physical and psychological development of premature children. The individuality of a person is manifested not only in the character of psychological response, but it is also linked with the nature and peculiarity of the mechanism of steady psycho-somatic state. With the help of higher integrative mechanisms it provides the possibility of bearing the fetus till its full maturity and it ensures stable basis between maternal medium and future child. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: prematurity, perinatal pathology, theory of attitude.
Economy
G. Babunashvili
Technogenic Types of Economic Development
Presented by Corr.Member of the Academy L.Chikava, May 11, 2004
Abstract. Main characteristic features of technogenic type of economic development are identified. An
evaluation is made in terms of ecology. The linkage between ecological, social and economic considerations has been emphasized. Ways and means to solve the current problems in Georgia are suggested. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: technogenic types, nature protection, ecology, natural resources.
ECONOMICS
M. Nanitashvili, I. Adeishvili
Consumption as Object of Investigation in Economic Literature
Present by Corr. Member of the Academy L. Chikava, April 20, 2004
ABSTRACT. The present paper deals with the problem of definition of the role and place of consumption in economic science. The history of investigation of the attitude to the consumption is analyzed. The views of economic experts of different epochs on the consumption as an indispensable sphere of economics, representing a clue to all the problems of the contemporary economics, are considered. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: consumption, utility, effective demand.
Linguistics
N. Daraselia
On the Nature of Interjections from the Standpoint
of Communicative Competence
(On the material of the English, Georgian and Russian languages)
Presented by Member of the Academy Th. Gamkrelidze, November 9, 2004
Abstract. The paper discusses the relevance of interjections for grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic and strategic subtypes of communicative competence. Some common properties as well as differences between English, Georgian and Russian interjections are singled out. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: interjection, communicative competence, fuzzy set, indexicality.
HISTORY OF SCIENCE
N. Dolaberidze, Corr. Member of the Academy V. Tsitsishvili, M. Suladze,
R. Tsiskarishvili, M. Gvelesiani
Development of Researches of Sorption Properties of Synthetic Zeolites
in Georgia in 1970's
Presented July 13, 2004
Abstract. In the 70's of the 20th century, studies of sorption properties of synthetic zeolites have been pursued in Georgia under supervision of the Member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences G.Tsitsishvili. Sorption properties of rare-earth-metals-, auminium-, and iron- (in exchangeable form) containing synthetic zeolites towards different adsorbates have been studied by Georgian scientists. © 2004 Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci.
Key words: rare-earth-metals, adsorbates, zeolites.